ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2008
HIV-1 transmission, by stage of infection.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 333 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
333 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Acute and early HIV infection screening among men who have sex with men, a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015.MMWR. Recommendations and reports : Morbidity and mortality weekly report. Recommendations and reports · 2015Guideline
- Estimating per-act HIV transmission risk: a systematic review.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Pooled it
- Impact of viral load and the duration of primary infection on HIV transmission: systematic review and meta-analysis.AIDS (London, England) · 2014Pooled it
- Understanding of Perceived Infectiousness and Its Influence on Sexual Behavior Among Individuals With Acute HIV Infection in Lilongwe, Malawi (HPTN 062).AIDS education and prevention : official publication of the International Society for AIDS Education · 2020Trial
- Impact of early cART on HIV blood and semen compartments at the time of primary infection.PloS one · 2017Trial
- HIV-related stigma and universal testing and treatment for HIV prevention and care: design of an implementation science evaluation nested in the HPTN 071 (PopART) cluster-randomized trial in Zambia and South Africa.Health policy and planning · 2016Trial
- Cost-Effectiveness of the 'One4All' HIV Linkage Intervention in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.PloS one · 2016Trial
- Trial
- The messenger matters: Behavioral responses to sex education in a cluster randomized trial.PNAS nexus · 2026Article
- Comparison of clinical characteristics in acute and early HIV-1 infection across different subtypes: a hospital-based cohort study.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Quantifying viral pandemic potential from experimental transmission studies.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Petri nets in epidemiology.Journal of mathematical biology · 2025Article
- Recent HIV Infections in Italy: Data from the HIV National Surveillance System, 2012-2023.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Quantifying viral pandemic potential from experimental transmission studies.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Scared Straight or Scared to Death? Fatalism in Response to Disease Risks.Economic journal (London, England) · 2025Article
- Public health implications of diagnosing and treating acute HIV.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2025Review
- A modeling study of pre-exposure prophylaxis to eliminate HIV in Taiwan by 2030.Communications medicine · 2025Article
273 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe epidemiological impact of public health interventions targeted at reducing transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) during early or late-stage infection depends on the contribution of these disease stages to transmission within a particular epidemic.
methodsTransmission hazards and durations of periods of high infectivity during primary, asymptomatic, and late-stage infection were estimated for HIV-1-serodiscordant heterosexual couples in Rakai, Uganda, by use of a robust probabilistic framework.
resultsPrimary infection and late-stage infection were estimated to be 26 and 7 times, respectively, more infectious than asymptomatic infection. High infectiousness during primary infection was estimated to last for approximately 3 months after seroconversion, whereas high infectiousness during late-stage infection was estimated to be concentrated between 19 months and 10 months before death.
conclusionsPrimary and late-stage HIV-1 infection are more infectious than previously estimated, but for shorter periods. In a homogeneous population, the asymptomatic stage of infection will typically contribute more to the net transmission of HIV-1 over the lifetime of an infected individual, because of its longer duration. The dependence of the relative contribution of infectious stages on patterns of sexual behavior and the phase of epidemics is discussed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18662132What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.