ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2008
Identification and characterization of Shiga toxin type 2 variants in Escherichia coli isolates from animals, food, and humans.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenotypic and genotypic profiling of swine-derived Shiga toxin-producingFrontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Bimodal Response to Shiga Toxin 2 Subtypes Results from Relatively Weak Binding to the Target Cell.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
- Shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli infections in Norway, 1992-2012: characterization of isolates and identification of risk factors for haemolytic uremic syndrome.BMC infectious diseases · 2015Article
- Top-down proteomic identification of Shiga toxin 2 subtypes from Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-tandem time of flight mass spectrometry.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2014Article
- Virulence profiling of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli recovered from domestic farm animals in Northwestern Mexico.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2014Article
- Characterization of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from ground beef collected in different socioeconomic strata markets in Buenos Aires, Argentina.BioMed research international · 2014Article
- Emerging types of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) O178 present in cattle, deer, and humans from Argentina and Germany.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2014Article
- Distribution of pathogenicity islands OI-122, OI-43/48, and OI-57 and a high-pathogenicity island in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2013Article
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- Escherichia coli O157:H7-Clinical aspects and novel treatment approaches.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2012Review
- Shiga toxin subtypes display dramatic differences in potency.Infection and immunity · 2011Article
- Prevalence and characterization of non-O157 shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates from commercial ground beef in the United States.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2011Article
- Verotoxins in bovine and meat verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli isolates: type, number of variants, and relationship to cytotoxicity.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2011Article
- Quantification of Shiga toxin-converting bacteriophages in wastewater and in fecal samples by real-time quantitative PCR.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2010Article
- Comparison of binding platforms yields insights into receptor binding differences between shiga toxins 1 and 2.Biochemistry · 2010Article
- Presence and characterization of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and other potentially diarrheagenic E. coli strains in retail meats.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2010Article
- Molecular analysis of virulence profiles and Shiga toxin genes in food-borne Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2009Article
- Shiga toxin, cytolethal distending toxin, and hemolysin repertoires in clinical Escherichia coli O91 isolates.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2009Article
- Detection and characterization of the fimbrial sfp cluster in enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O165:H25/NM isolates from humans and cattle.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2009Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
There is considerable heterogeneity among the Shiga toxin type 2 (Stx2) toxins elaborated by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). One such Stx2 variant, the Stx2d mucus-activatable toxin (Stx2dact), is rendered more toxic by the action of elastase present in intestinal mucus, which cleaves the last two amino acids of the A2 portion of the toxin A subunit. We screened 153 STEC isolates from food, animals, and humans for the gene encoding Stx2dact by using a novel one-step PCR procedure. This method targeted the region of stx(2dact) that encodes the elastase recognition site. The presence of stx(2dact) was confirmed by DNA sequencing of the complete toxin genes. Seven STEC isolates from cows (four isolates), meat (two isolates), and a human (one isolate) that carried the putative stx(2dact) gene were identified; all were eae negative, and none was the O157:H7 serotype. Three of the isolates (CVM9322, CVM9557, and CVM9584) also carried stx(1), two (P1332 and P1334) carried stx(1) and stx(2c), and one (CL-15) carried stx(2c). One isolate, P1130, harbored only stx(2dact). The Vero cell cytotoxicities of supernatants from P1130 and stx(1) deletion mutants of CVM9322, CVM9557, and CVM9584 were increased 13- to 30-fold after treatment with porcine elastase. Thus, Stx2dact-producing strains, as detected by our one-step PCR method, can be isolated not only from humans, as previously documented, but also from food and animals. The latter finding has important public health implications based on a recent report from Europe of a link between disease severity and infection with STEC isolates that produce Stx2dact.
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