ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2008
Tuberculosis in poorly controlled type 2 diabetes: altered cytokine expression in peripheral white blood cells.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 108 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
108 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 197 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune dysregulation in tuberculosis-diabetes comorbidity: mechanistic and translational insights.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Tuberculosis (TB) treatment challenges in TB-diabetes comorbid patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine · 2024Pooled it
- The association of glycemic level and prevalence of tuberculosis: a meta-analysis.BMC endocrine disorders · 2021Pooled it
- Impacts of metformin on tuberculosis incidence and clinical outcomes in patients with diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2020 · on this mapPooled it
- The relationship between HbA1c control levels and antituberculosis treatment effects: a meta-analysis.Journal of the Chinese Medical Association : JCMA · 2019Pooled it
- Molecular clustering of patients with diabetes and pulmonary tuberculosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The impact of an oral glucose load on IFN-γ-release in persons infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Prevalence of comorbidities and their impact on prognosis among patients with rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis: a multicenter retrospective cohort study in China.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Molecular Epidemiology ofMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Metabolic dysfunction impairs Mycobacterium tuberculosis-specific cytokine and chemokine responses in latent tuberculosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Physical activity intensity and amount are inversely correlated with the risk of tuberculosis in patients with diabetes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of glycemic control on lymphocyte subsets in the dissemination of pulmonary tuberculosis: A retrospective analysis.Infectious medicine · 2025Article
- Hyperglycemic milieu impairs Vγ9Vδ2 T cell functions in tuberculosis patients and prolongs M.tb negative conversion time.iScience · 2025Article
- Increased circulating Th17 cells and altered CD4 T cell maturation and differentiation in active tuberculosis with type 2 diabetes: a pilot study.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Inhibition of CYP450 family 1 subfamily B member 1 (CYP1B1) expression in macrophage reduces the inflammatory response in type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with tuberculosis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Host Risk Factors for Tuberculosis.Infectious disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Impact of diabetes mellitus on tuberculosis prevention, diagnosis, and treatment from an immunologic perspective.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Review
- Article
- Assessing the effects of diabetes mellitus on the monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio and the QuantiFERON-TB gold plus assays for tuberculosis treatment monitoring: a prospective cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
48 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAlthough the biological basis for the increased susceptibility of diabetic patients to tuberculosis remains unclear, the world is undergoing a type 2 diabetes pandemic. We hypothesize that chronic hyperglycemia leads to immunocompromise that facilitates progression to active tuberculosis. To assess this possibility, we determined whether patients with tuberculosis and diabetes (particularly those with chronic hyperglycemia), compared with patients with tuberculosis who did not have diabetes, presented altered cytokine responses to a mycobacterial antigen.
methodsSamples of whole blood from patients with tuberculosis and diabetes and from patients with tuberculosis who did not have diabetes was stimulated in vitro with purified protein derivative from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We then determined whether there was an association between the levels of innate and adaptive cytokines secreted in response to the antigen and diabetes status, or diabetes with chronic hyperglycemia (measured by glycosylated hemoglobin level), after controlling for possible confounders.
resultsInnate and type 1 cytokine responses were significantly higher in patients with tuberculosis who had diabetes than in nondiabetic control subjects. The effect was consistently and significantly more marked in diabetic patients with chronic hyperglycemia.
conclusionsThese data provide preliminary evidence that type 2 diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes involving chronic hyperglycemia, is associated with an altered immune response to M. tuberculosis. More-detailed knowledge of the underlying mechanisms should focus on the effect of chronic hyperglycemia on the immune response to help in understanding the enhanced susceptibility of diabetic patients to tuberculosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.