ArticleSocial science & medicine (1982)2008
Does place explain racial health disparities? Quantifying the contribution of residential context to the Black/white health gap in the United States.
Article in Social science & medicine (1982), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed.
- Obesity Disparities in California Vary by School Ethnic Segregation and School Neighbourhood Income.Pediatric obesity · 2026Observational
- Economic connectedness and fetal and infant death: a population-based cross-sectional study of California.Journal of epidemiology and community health · 2026Article
- Associations between historical redlining and BMI: Potential indirect pathways through neighborhood socioeconomic and environment factors and their associated lifestyle behaviors in CARDIA.Health & place · 2026Article
- Racial/Ethnic Residential Clustering, Experiences with Discrimination, and Self-Rated Health across the Houston Area.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2025Article
- Changes in actigraphy-assessed sleep from childhood to adolescence: The role of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage.Sleep health · 2025Article
- Racial residential segregation and COVID-19 vaccine uptake: an analysis of Georgia USA county-level data.BMC public health · 2023Article
- Neighborhood Deprivation and Racial Disparities in Early Pregnancy Impaired Glucose Tolerance.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Inclusion of Race and Ethnicity With Neighborhood Socioeconomic Deprivation When Assessing COVID-19 Hospitalization Risk Among California Veterans Health Administration Users.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
- Assessing Attitudes Toward COVID-19 Prevention: Defining Two Attitudes Crucial for Understanding Systemic and Social Variables Associated with Disparities.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2022Article
- Racial Inequities in Self-Rated Health Across Brazilian Cities: Does Residential Segregation Play a Role?American journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Large-scale diet tracking data reveal disparate associations between food environment and diet.Nature communications · 2022Article
- The Role of Place in Disparities Affecting Black Men Receiving Hemodialysis.Kidney international reports · 2021Article
- Political Economies of Acute Childhood Illnesses: Measuring Structural Racism as Mesolevel Mortgage Market Risks.Ethnicity & disease · 2021Article
- Understanding Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Physical Performance in Midlife Women: Findings From SWAN (Study of Women's Health Across the Nation).The journals of gerontology. Series B, Psychological sciences and social sciences · 2020Article
- The Role of Neighborhood Experiences in Psychological Distress among African American and White Smokers.Race and social problems · 2020Article
- Broken Windows, Broken Zzs: Poor Housing and Neighborhood Conditions Are Associated with Objective Measures of Sleep Health.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2020Article
- Gentrification and binge drinking in California neighborhoods: It matters how long you've lived there.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2018Article
- Article
- The Role of Social Context in Racial Disparities in Self-Rated Health.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The persistence of the black health disadvantage has been a puzzling component of health in the United States in spite of general declines in rates of morbidity and mortality over the past century. Studies that have focused on well-established individual-level determinants of health such as socio-economic status and health behaviors have been unable to fully explain these disparities. Recent research has begun to focus on other factors such as racism, discrimination, and segregation. Variation in neighborhood context-socio-demographic composition, social aspects, and built environment-has been postulated as an additional explanation for racial disparities, but few attempts have been made to quantify its overall contribution to the black/white health gap. This analysis is an attempt to generate an estimate of place effects on explaining health disparities by utilizing data from the U.S. National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) (1989-1994), combined with a methodology for identifying residents of the same blocks both within and across NHIS survey cross-sections. Our results indicate that controlling for a single point-in-time measure of residential context results in a roughly 15-76% reduction of the black/white disparities in self-rated health that were previously unaccounted for by individual-level controls. The contribution of residential context toward explaining the black/white self-rated health gap varies by both age and gender such that contextual explanations of disparities decline with age and appear to be smaller among females.
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Registered trials
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