ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Cytolethal distending toxin induces caspase-dependent and -independent cell death in MOLT-4 cells.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Zebrafish larvae as a model for studying the impact of oral bacterial vesicles on tumor cell growth and metastasis.Human cell · 2024Article
- PathogenicFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Article
- Bacterial Toxins Are a Never-Ending Source of Surprises: From Natural Born Killers to Negotiators.Toxins · 2021Review
- From DNA Damage to Cancer Progression: Potential Effects of Cytolethal Distending Toxin.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Bacterial Genotoxin-Induced DNA Damage and Modulation of the Host Immune Microenvironment.Toxins · 2020Review
- The Cell-Cycle Regulatory Protein p21Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Review
- The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Subunit CdtB ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2017Article
- The Cytolethal Distending Toxin Contributes to Microbial Virulence and Disease Pathogenesis by Acting As a Tri-Perditious Toxin.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2016Review
- Review
- Article
- Continuous low-dose irradiation by I-125 seeds induces apoptosis of gastric cancer cells regardless of histological origin.Cancer biology & therapy · 2014Article
- Contribution of Helicobacter hepaticus cytolethal distending toxin subunits to human epithelial cell cycle arrest and apoptotic death in vitro.Helicobacter · 2013Article
- Cytolethal distending toxin: a conserved bacterial genotoxin that blocks cell cycle progression, leading to apoptosis of a broad range of mammalian cell lineages.Microbiology (Reading, England) · 2011Review
- The biology of the cytolethal distending toxins.Toxins · 2011Review
- Cytolethal distending toxin from Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces DNA damage, S/G2 cell cycle arrest, and caspase- independent death in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae model.Infection and immunity · 2010Article
- Upregulation of miR-23a-27a-24-2 cluster induces caspase-dependent and -independent apoptosis in human embryonic kidney cells.PloS one · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) induces apoptosis using the caspase-dependent classical pathway in the majority of human leukemic T cells (MOLT-4). However, we found the process to cell death is only partially inhibited by pretreatment of the cells with a general caspase inhibitor, z-VAD-fmk. Flow cytometric analysis using annexin V and propidium iodide showed that a 48-h CDT treatment decreased the living cell population by 35% even in the presence of z-VAD-fmk. z-VAD-fmk completely inhibited caspase activity in 24 h CDT-intoxicated cells. Further, CDT with z-VAD-fmk treatment clearly increased the cell population that had a low level of intracellular reactive oxygen. This is a characteristic opposite to that of caspase-dependent apoptosis. Overexpression of bcl2 almost completely inhibited cell death using CDT treatment in the presence of z-VAD-fmk. The data suggest there are at least two different pathways used in CDT-induced cell death: conventional caspase-dependent (early) apoptotic cell death and caspase-independent (late) death. Both occur via the mitochondrial membrane disruption pathway.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.