ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Adaptation of Francisella tularensis to the mammalian environment is governed by cues which can be mimicked in vitro.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers.
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Treatment of bacterial biothreat agents with a novel purified bioactive lactoferrin affects both growth and biofilm formation.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Virulence and genome analysis of three historicalFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
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- Streptococcus mutans membrane vesicles inhibit the biofilm formation of Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguinis.AMB Express · 2022Article
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- Arginine Catabolism and Polyamine Biosynthesis Pathway Disparities WithinFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- The O-Ag Antibody Response to Francisella Is Distinct in Rodents and Higher Animals and Can Serve as a Correlate of Protection.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Development, Phenotypic Characterization and Genomic Analysis of aFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Phase Variation of LPS and Capsule Is Responsible for Stochastic Biofilm Formation inFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Increased Sensitivity of Amoeba-GrownMicroorganisms · 2020Article
- OpiA, a Type Six Secretion System Substrate, Localizes to the Cell Pole and Plays a Role in Bacterial Growth and Viability inJournal of bacteriology · 2020Article
- The Francisella tularensis Polysaccharides: What Is the Real Capsule?Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2020Review
- NLRP3 Sensing of Diverse Inflammatory Stimuli Requires Distinct Structural Features.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Development, Characterization, and Standardization of a Nose-Only Inhalation Exposure System for Exposure of Rabbits to Small-Particle Aerosols Containing Francisella tularensis.Infection and immunity · 2019Article
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The intracellular bacterium Francisella tularensis survives in mammals, arthropods, and freshwater amoeba. It was previously established that the conventional media used for in vitro propagation of this microbe do not yield bacteria that mimic those harvested from infected mammals; whether these in vitro-cultivated bacteria resemble arthropod- or amoeba-adapted Francisella is unknown. As a foundation for our goal of identifying F. tularensis outer membrane proteins which are expressed during mammalian infection, we first sought to identify in vitro cultivation conditions that induce the bacterium's infection-derived phenotype. We compared Francisella LVS grown in brain heart infusion broth (BHI; a standard microbiological medium rarely used in Francisella research) to that grown in Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB; the most widely used F. tularensis medium, used here as a negative control) and macrophages (a natural host cell, used here as a positive control). BHI- and macrophage-grown F. tularensis cells showed similar expression of MglA-dependent and MglA-independent proteins; expression of the MglA-dependent proteins was repressed by the supraphysiological levels of free amino acids present in MHB. We observed that during macrophage infection, protein expression by intracellular bacteria differed from that by extracellular bacteria; BHI-grown bacteria mirrored the latter, while MHB-grown bacteria resembled neither. Naïve macrophages responding to BHI- and macrophage-grown bacteria produced markedly lower levels of proinflammatory mediators than those in cells exposed to MHB-grown bacteria. In contrast to MHB-grown bacteria, BHI-grown bacteria showed minimal delay during intracellular replication. Cumulatively, our findings provide compelling evidence that growth in BHI yields bacteria which recapitulate the phenotype of Francisella organisms that have emerged from macrophages.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.