ArticleJournal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985)2008
Hindlimb unloading elicits anhedonia and sympathovagal imbalance.
Article in Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Simulated spaceflight disrupts the immune-gut-brain axis and drives sex-dependent neuroinflammation, axonal injury, and behavioral deficits.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Simulated microgravity exposure markedly attenuates the baroreflex total loop gain and induces orthostatic hypotension in male rats.Physiological reports · 2025Article
- A Prefrontal→Periaqueductal Gray Pathway Differentially Engages Autonomic, Hormonal, and Behavioral Features of the Stress-Coping Response.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Autonomic Nervous System Adaptation and Circadian Rhythm Disturbances of the Cardiovascular System in a Ground-Based Murine Model of Spaceflight.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Cardiovascular deconditioning increases GABA signaling in the nucleus tractus solitarii.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Mechanisms Underlying Neuroplasticity in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarii Following Hindlimb Unloading in Rats.Neuroscience · 2020Article
- High frequency heart-rate variability predicts adolescent depressive symptoms, particularly anhedonia, across one year.Journal of affective disorders · 2016Article
- Hindlimb unloading results in increased predisposition to cardiac arrhythmias and alters left ventricular connexin 43 expression.American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology · 2013Article
- Learning on Jupiter, learning on the Moon: the dark side of the G-force. Effects of gravity changes on neurovascular unit and modulation of learning and memory.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2012Article
- Contribution of social isolation, restraint, and hindlimb unloading to changes in hemodynamic parameters and motion activity in rats.PloS one · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The hindlimb-unloaded (HU) rat model elicits cardiovascular deconditioning and simulates the physiological adaptations to microgravity or prolonged bed rest in humans. Although psychological deficits have been documented following bed rest and spaceflight in humans, few studies have explored the psychological effects of cardiovascular deconditioning in animal models. Given the bidirectional link established between cardiac autonomic imbalance and psychological depression in both humans and in animal models, we hypothesized that hindlimb unloading would elicit an alteration in sympathovagal tone and behavioral indexes of psychological depression. Male, Sprague-Dawley rats confined to 14 days of HU displayed anhedonia (a core feature of human depression) compared with casted control (CC) animals evidenced by reduced sucrose preference (CC: 81 +/- 2.9% baseline vs. HU: 58 +/- 4.5% baseline) and reduced (rightward shift) operant responding for rewarding electrical brain stimulation (CC: 4.4 +/- 0.3 muA vs. 7.3 +/- 1.0 muA). Cardiac autonomic blockade revealed elevated sympathetic [CC: -54 +/- 14.1 change in (Delta) beats/min vs. HU: -118 +/- 7.6 Delta beats/min] and reduced parasympathetic (CC: 45 +/- 11.8 Delta beats/min vs. HU: 8 +/- 7.3 Delta beats/min) cardiac tone in HU rats. Heart rate variability was reduced (CC: 10 +/- 1.4 ms vs. HU: 7 +/- 0.7 ms), and spectral analysis of blood pressure indicated loss of total, low-, and high-frequency power, consistent with attenuated baroreflex function. These data indicate that cardiovascular deconditioning results in sympathovagal imbalance and behavioral signs consistent with psychological depression. These findings further elucidate the pathophysiological link between cardiovascular diseases and affective disorders.
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Registered trials
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