ArticleJournal of virology2008
Human endogenous retrovirus K (HML-2) elements in the plasma of people with lymphoma and breast cancer.
Article in Journal of virology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 138 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
138 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 210 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Systematic Review of Expression and Immunogenicity of Human Endogenous Retroviral Proteins in Cancer and Discussion of Therapeutic Approaches.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Pooled it
- Targeting the HERV-K102 envelope elicits pyroptosis and represents a novel therapeutic strategy for acute myeloid leukemia.Blood research · 2026Article
- Oncogenic role of ERV with therapeutic potential.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Revisiting Clonal Evolution Through the Light of Retrotransposons.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2025Review
- HERV-K Envelope Induce a Humoral Response in Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Patients.Current microbiology · 2025Article
- Human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) envelope structures in pre- and postfusion by cryo-EM.Science advances · 2025Article
- Review
- The prefusion structure of the HERV-K (HML-2) Env spike complex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
- Combination of a therapeutic cancer vaccine targeting the endogenous retroviral envelope protein ERVMER34-1 with immune-oncology agents facilitates expansion of neoepitope-specific T cells and promotes tumor control.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2025Article
- Interactions between human immunodeficiency virus and human endogenous retroviruses.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Endogenous retroelements in hematological malignancies: From epigenetic dysregulation to therapeutic targeting.American journal of hematology · 2025Review
- Comprehensive Identification and Characterization of HML-9 Group in Chimpanzee Genome.Viruses · 2024Article
- Species-Specific Transcription Factors Associated with Long Terminal Repeat Promoters of Endogenous Retroviruses: A Comprehensive Review.Biomolecules · 2024Review
- Beyond pathogens: the intriguing genetic legacy of endogenous retroviruses in host physiology.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Article
- Extracellular vesicles and co-isolated endogenous retroviruses from murine cancer cells differentially affect dendritic cells.The EMBO journal · 2023Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- Exploring HERV-K (HML-2) Influence in Cancer and Prospects for Therapeutic Interventions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Review
- Origin and functional role of antisense transcription in endogenous and exogenous retroviruses.Retrovirology · 2023Review
78 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Actively replicating endogenous retroviruses entered the human genome millions of years ago and became a stable part of the inherited genetic material. They subsequently acquired multiple mutations, leading to the assumption that these viruses no longer replicate. However, certain human tumor cell lines have been shown to release endogenous retroviral particles. Here we show that RNA from human endogenous retrovirus K (HERV-K) (HML-2), a relatively recent entrant into the human genome, can be found in very high titers in the plasma of patients with lymphomas and breast cancer as measured by either reverse transcriptase PCR or nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. Further, these titers drop dramatically with cancer treatment. We also demonstrate the presence of reverse transcriptase and viral RNA in plasma fractions that contain both immature and correctly processed HERV-K (HML-2) Gag and envelope proteins. Finally, using immunoelectron microscopy, we show the presence of HERV-K (HML-2) virus-like particles in the plasma of lymphoma patients. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that elements of the endogenous retrovirus HERV-K (HML-2) can be found in the blood of modern-day humans with certain cancers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.