ArticlePloS one2008
Evolution of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its close commensal relatives.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 145 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
145 citing papers in PubMed, 283 citations in OpenAlex.
- Genomic relatedness and clinical significance ofMicrobial genomics · 2021Trial
- Temporal development of the oral microbiome and prediction of early childhood caries.Scientific reports · 2019Trial
- A synopsis of competence-regulated virulence inVirulence · 2026Review
- Clinical and genomic features of mitis group streptococcal bacteremia in patients with febrile neutropenia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- LytF contributes to pilus extrusion during natural competence inJournal of bacteriology · 2026Article
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- Streptococcus lishijunsis sp. nov. isolated from feces of Apodemus Chevrieri in western china and its genome function analysis.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- LytF contributes to pilus extrusion during natural competence inbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Commensal to pathogen switch in Streptococcus pneumoniae is influenced by a thermosensing master regulator.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Inhibition of pneumococcal growth and biofilm formation by human isolates ofApplied and environmental microbiology · 2025Article
- Re-evaluation of boundaries ofInternational journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology · 2025Article
- Population genomics of Streptococcus mitis in UK and Ireland bloodstream infection and infective endocarditis cases.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Long-term evolution of Streptococcus mitis and Streptococcus pneumoniae leads to higher genetic diversity within rather than between human populations.PLoS genetics · 2024Article
- Identification and genetic engineering of pneumococcal capsule-like polysaccharides in commensal oral streptococci.Microbiology spectrum · 2024Article
- Novel Multilocus Sequence Typing and Global Sequence Clustering Schemes for Characterizing the Population Diversity of Streptococcus mitis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Article
- EnteroBase: hierarchical clustering of 100 000s of bacterial genomes into species/subspecies and populations.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2022Article
- Streptococcus vulneris sp. nov., isolated from wound of patient with diabetic foot ulcer (DFU).Archives of microbiology · 2022Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization in health care professionals at a tertiary university pediatric hospital.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2022Article
85 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a member of the Mitis group of streptococci which, according to 16S rRNA-sequence based phylogenetic reconstruction, includes 12 species. While other species of this group are considered prototypes of commensal bacteria, S. pneumoniae is among the most frequent microbial killers worldwide. Population genetic analysis of 118 strains, supported by demonstration of a distinct cell wall carbohydrate structure and competence pheromone sequence signature, shows that S. pneumoniae is one of several hundred evolutionary lineages forming a cluster separate from Streptococcus oralis and Streptococcus infantis. The remaining lineages of this distinct cluster are commensals previously collectively referred to as Streptococcus mitis and each represent separate species by traditional taxonomic standard. Virulence genes including the operon for capsule polysaccharide synthesis and genes encoding IgA1 protease, pneumolysin, and autolysin were randomly distributed among S. mitis lineages. Estimates of the evolutionary age of the lineages, the identical location of remnants of virulence genes in the genomes of commensal strains, the pattern of genome reductions, and the proportion of unique genes and their origin support the model that the entire cluster of S. pneumoniae, S. pseudopneumoniae, and S. mitis lineages evolved from pneumococcus-like bacteria presumably pathogenic to the common immediate ancestor of hominoids. During their adaptation to a commensal life style, most of the lineages gradually lost the majority of genes determining virulence and became genetically distinct due to sexual isolation in their respective hosts.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.