ArticlePloS one2008
Virus-like particles of SARS-like coronavirus formed by membrane proteins from different origins demonstrate stimulating activity in human dendritic cells.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review: A systematic review of virus-like particles of coronavirus: Assembly, generation, chimerism and their application in basic research and in the clinic.International journal of biological macromolecules · 2022Pooled it
- RSV Vaccines: Targeting Prefusion F and G Proteins from Structural Design to Clinical Application.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Next-Generation Vaccines for Co-Circulating PEDV and TGEV: Integrating Nucleic Acid Platforms, Mucosal Delivery, and AI-Driven Antigen Design.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2025Review
- A self-adjuvanted VLPs-based Covid-19 vaccine proven versatile, safe, and highly protective.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Recombinantly expressed virus-like particles (VLPs) of canine circovirus for development of an indirect ELISA.Veterinary research communications · 2024Article
- Precise genome-editing in human diseases: mechanisms, strategies and applications.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Cell-penetrating peptides TAT and 8R functionalize P22 virus-like particles to enhance tissue distribution and retentionFrontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- CuMV VLPs Containing the RBM from SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Drive Dendritic Cell Activation and Th1 Polarization.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Yeast-Based Virus-like Particles as an Emerging Platform for Vaccine Development and Delivery.Vaccines · 2023Review
- CCHFV vaccine development, current challenges, limitations, and future directions.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Immune Responses to Gene Editing by Viral and Non-Viral Delivery Vectors Used in Retinal Gene Therapy.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Plant-based expression and characterization of SARS-CoV-2 virus-like particles presenting a native spike protein.Plant biotechnology journal · 2022Article
- Attacking the Intruder at the Gate: Prospects of Mucosal Anti SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- The role of IL-6 in coronavirus, especially in COVID-19.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus-like particles induce dendritic cell maturation and modulate T cell immunity.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- Solutions against emerging infectious and noninfectious human diseases through the application of baculovirus technologies.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Review
- Nanotechnology Interventions in the Management of COVID-19: Prevention, Diagnosis and Virus-Like Particle Vaccines.Vaccines · 2021Review
- The viral capsid as novel nanomaterials for drug delivery.Future science OA · 2021Review
- A Comprehensive Overview on the Production of Vaccines in Plant-Based Expression Systems and the Scope of Plant Biotechnology to Combat against SARS-CoV-2 Virus Pandemics.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in advanced clinical trials: Where do we stand?Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The pathogenesis of SARS coronavirus (CoV) remains poorly understood. In the current study, two recombinant baculovirus were generated to express the spike (S) protein of SARS-like coronavirus (SL-CoV) isolated from bats (vAcBS) and the envelope (E) and membrane (M) proteins of SARS-CoV, respectively. Co-infection of insect cells with these two recombinant baculoviruses led to self-assembly of virus-like particles (BVLPs) as demonstrated by electron microscopy. Incorporation of S protein of vAcBS (BS) into VLPs was confirmed by western blot and immunogold labeling. Such BVLPs up-regulated the level of CD40, CD80, CD86, CD83, and enhanced the secretion of IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in immature dendritic cells (DCs). Immune responses were compared in immature DCs inoculated with BVLPs or with VLPs formed by S, E and M proteins of human SARS-CoV. BVLPs showed a stronger ability to stimulate DCs in terms of cytokine induction as evidenced by 2 to 6 fold higher production of IL-6 and TNF-alpha. Further study indicated that IFN-gamma+ and IL-4+ populations in CD4+ T cells increased upon co-cultivation with DCs pre-exposed with BVLPs or SARS-CoV VLPs. The observed difference in DC-stimulating activity between BVLPs and SARS CoV VLPs was very likely due to the S protein. In agreement, SL-CoV S DNA vaccine evoked a more vigorous antibody response and a stronger T cell response than SARS-CoV S DNA in mice. Our data have demonstrated for the first time that SL-CoV VLPs formed by membrane proteins of different origins, one from SL-CoV isolated from bats (BS) and the other two from human SARS-CoV (E and M), activated immature DCs and enhanced the expression of co-stimulatory molecules and the secretion of cytokines. Finding in this study may provide important information for vaccine development as well as for understanding the pathogenesis of SARS-like CoV.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.