ArticleAIDS research and human retroviruses2008
Enhancement of HIV infection by cellulose sulfate.
Article in AIDS research and human retroviruses, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lignins and Their Derivatives with Beneficial Effects on Human Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Pooled it
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- Carrageenans as Broad-Spectrum Microbicides: Current Status and Challenges.Marine drugs · 2020Review
- HIV Antiretroviral Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis: Development Challenges and Pipeline Promise.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2018Article
- Triple combination MPT vaginal microbicide using curcumin and efavirenz loaded lactoferrin nanoparticles.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Recruitment of HIV-1 target cells at topical mucosal sites: a sensitive and early marker for determining the safety of microbicide candidates.Emerging microbes & infections · 2013Article
- Enhancement of antiviral activity of human alpha-defensin 5 against herpes simplex virus 2 by arginine mutagenesis at adaptive evolution sites.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- Polyanionic candidate microbicides accelerate the formation of semen-derived amyloid fibrils to enhance HIV-1 infection.PloS one · 2013Article
- Application and removal of polyanionic microbicide compounds enhances subsequent infection by HIV-1.Virology journal · 2012Article
- Controlling the HIV/AIDS epidemic: current status and global challenges.Frontiers in immunology · 2012Article
- Minocycline down-regulates topical mucosal inflammation during the application of microbicide candidates.PloS one · 2012Article
- Factors Important to the Prioritization and Development of Successful Topical Microbicides for HIV-1.Molecular biology international · 2012Article
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- Topical microbicides to prevent the transmission of HIV: formulation gaps and challenges.Drug delivery and translational research · 2011Article
- Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistance or cross-resistance to nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors currently under development as microbicides.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2011Article
- Female genital tract secretions and semen impact the development of microbicides for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2011Review
- Mucosal human defensins 5 and 6 antagonize the anti-HIV activity of candidate polyanion microbicides.Journal of innate immunity · 2011Article
- Article
- Semi-solid gels function as physical barriers to human immunodeficiency virus transport in vitro.Antiviral research · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cellulose sulfate, a polyanionic compound derived from cotton, has been proposed as a topical microbicide to reduce the sexual transmission of HIV. However, a phase III clinical trial of a vaginal gel formulation of cellulose sulfate (Ushercell) had to be prematurely closed after early data indicated microbicide users had a higher rate of HIV infection than women using a placebo. The unexpected results of the cellulose sulfate trail prompted us to reexamine and attempt to replicate the available preclinical data for this compound and other polyanions. We show here that cellulose sulfate has a biphasic effect on HIV infection in vitro: at high concentrations it inhibits infection but at low concentrations it significantly and reproducibly increases HIV infection. This stimulatory effect is evident for the R5-tropic strains of virus responsible for sexual transmission, reflects the rate of infection rather than viral growth, and occurs at clinically relevant concentrations of the compound. An examination of published studies shows that the biphasic effect of cellulose sulfate was evident in previous research by independent laboratories and is also found for other polyanions such as dextrin sulfate and PRO2000. These data help in understanding the failure of the Ushercell clinical trial and indicate that cellulose sulfate is not safe for mucosal application in humans.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.