ArticleJournal of neurochemistry2008
Activation of microglia with zymosan promotes excitatory amino acid release via volume-regulated anion channels: the role of NADPH oxidases.
Article in Journal of neurochemistry, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 103 citations in OpenAlex.
- NADPH oxidases in Parkinson's disease: a systematic review.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2017Pooled it
- NADPH oxidases: redox regulation of cell homeostasis and disease.Physiological reviews · 2025Review
- Physiology of the volume-sensitive/regulatory anion channel VSOR/VRAC: part 2: its activation mechanisms and essential roles in organic signal release.The journal of physiological sciences : JPS · 2024Review
- Physiological Functions of the Volume-Regulated Anion Channel VRAC/LRRC8 and the Proton-Activated Chloride Channel ASOR/TMEM206.Handbook of experimental pharmacology · 2024Article
- Krill Oil's Protective Benefits against Ultraviolet B-Induced Skin Photoaging in Hairless Mice and In Vitro Experiments.Marine drugs · 2023Article
- Hidden attributes of zymosan in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases: A tale of the fungal agent.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2023Review
- Trends in volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC) research: visualization and bibliometric analysis from 2014 to 2022.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2023Article
- A SWELL time to develop the molecular pharmacology of the volume-regulated anion channel (VRAC).Channels (Austin, Tex.) · 2022Review
- Microglia subtypes show substrate- and time-dependent phagocytosis preferences and phenotype plasticity.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Functional activities of beta-glucans in the prevention or treatment of cervical cancer.Journal of ovarian research · 2020Review
- Effect of Glycine on BV-2 Microglial Cells Treated with Interferon-γ and Lipopolysaccharide.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Cell Death Induction and Protection by Activation of Ubiquitously Expressed Anion/Cation Channels. Part 1: Roles of VSOR/VRAC in Cell Volume Regulation, Release of Double-Edged Signals and Apoptotic/Necrotic Cell Death.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Review
- Ischemia-Triggered Glutamate Excitotoxicity From the Perspective of Glial Cells.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2020Article
- The signaling role for chloride in the bidirectional communication between neurons and astrocytes.Neuroscience letters · 2019Review
- Microglia in Alzheimer Disease: Well-Known Targets and New Opportunities.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2019Review
- The anti-parkinsonian drug zonisamide reduces neuroinflammation: Role of microglial NaExperimental neurology · 2018Article
- Blockade of microglial adenosine A2A receptor impacts inflammatory mechanisms, reduces ARPE-19 cell dysfunction and prevents photoreceptor loss in vitro.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Subunit-dependent oxidative stress sensitivity of LRRC8 volume-regulated anion channels.The Journal of physiology · 2017Article
- NOX Inhibitors - A Promising Avenue for Ischemic Stroke.Experimental neurobiology · 2017Review
- Beneficial effects of dried pomegranate juice concentrated powder on ultraviolet B-induced skin photoaging in hairless mice.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2017Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Microglia are the resident immune cells of the CNS, which are important for preserving neural tissue functions, but may also contribute to neurodegeneration. Activation of these cells in infection, inflammation, or trauma leads to the release of various toxic molecules, including reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the excitatory amino acid glutamate. In this study, we used an electrophysiologic approach and a D-[(3)H]aspartate (glutamate) release assay to explore the ROS-dependent regulation of glutamate-permeable volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). Exposure of rat microglia to hypo-osmotic media stimulated Cl(-) currents and D-[(3)H]aspartate release, both of which were inhibited by the selective VRAC blocker, DCPIB. Exogenously applied H(2)O(2) potently increased swelling-activated glutamate release. Stimulation of microglia with zymosan triggered production of endogenous ROS and strongly enhanced glutamate release via VRAC in swollen cells. The effects of zymosan were attenuated by the ROS scavenger, MnTMPyP, and by two inhibitors of NADPH oxidase (NOX), diphenyliodonium and thioridazine. However, zymosan-stimulated glutamate release was insensitive to other NOX blockers, apocynin and HEBSF. This pharmacologic profile pointed to the potential involvement of apocynin-insensitive NOX4. Using RT-PCR we confirmed that NOX4 is expressed in rat microglial cells along with NOX1 and NOX2. To check for potential involvement of phagocytic NOX2, we stimulated this isoform using protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate or inhibited it with the broad spectrum PKC blocker, Gö6983. Both agents potently modulated endogenous ROS production by NOX2 but not VRAC activity. Taken together, these data suggest that the anion channel VRAC may contribute to microglial glutamate release and that its activity is regulated by endogenous ROS originating from NOX4.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.