ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America1991
Transforming growth factor beta 1 is present at sites of extracellular matrix gene expression in human pulmonary fibrosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 271 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
271 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 798 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Identification of macrophage activation-related biomarkers in obese type 2 diabetes that may be indicative of enhanced respiratory risk in COVID-19.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Adjuvant interferon gamma in patients with drug - resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a pilot study.BMC infectious diseases · 2004Trial
- The role of alveolar epithelial junctions in early lung injury and COVID-19-induced fibrosis.Histochemistry and cell biology · 2026Article
- Multi-omics Analysis Reveals the Prognostic and Therapeutic Value of TGF-β Signaling-related Genes in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- Murine models of pulmonary fibrosis: mechanisms, limitations and translational insights.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026Review
- Recent advances in pulmonary fibrosis: from lung surfactant to the immune connection.Respiratory research · 2026Review
- Control of airway basal stem cell-mediated lung repair by TGF-β signaling.Science advances · 2026Article
- Generation of a novel lung fibrosis model using precision-cut lung slices from transgenic TGFβ1 mice.American journal of physiology. Cell physiology · 2025Article
- Systemic toxicity and toxicokinetics study of self-assembled-micelle inhibitory RNA-targeting amphiregulin in cynomolgus monkeys following intravenous injection.Toxicological research · 2025Article
- The role of vascularity and the fibrovascular interface in interstitial lung diseases.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2025Review
- Emerging pharmacological options in the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Expert review of clinical pharmacology · 2024Review
- Review
- Fibroblast senescence-associated extracellular matrix promotes heterogeneous lung niche.APL bioengineering · 2024Article
- TGF-β signaling in health, disease, and therapeutics.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2024Review
- Review
- Anoctamin-1 is induced by TGF-β and contributes to lung myofibroblast differentiation.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2024Article
- The Plastic Interplay between Lung Regeneration Phenomena and Fibrotic Evolution: Current Challenges and Novel Therapeutic Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anoctamin-1 is induced by TGF-beta and contributes to lung myofibroblast differentiation.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- The Pharmacological Efficacy of Baicalin in Inflammatory Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
211 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is an inexorably fatal disorder characterized by connective tissue deposition within the terminal air spaces resulting in loss of lung function and eventual respiratory failure. Previously, we demonstrated that foci of activated fibroblasts expressing high levels of fibronectin, procollagen, and smooth muscle actin and thus resembling those found in healing wounds are responsible for the connective tissue deposition and scarring in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, we now demonstrate the presence of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), a potent profibrotic cytokine, in the foci containing these activated fibroblasts. These results suggest that matrix-associated TGF-beta 1 may serve as a stimulus for the persistent expression of connective tissue genes. One potential source of the TGF-beta 1 is the alveolar macrophage, and we demonstrate the expression of abundant TGF-beta 1 mRNA in alveolar macrophages in lung tissue from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.