ArticleMaternal and child health journal2009
Determinants of the uptake of the full dose of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccines (DPT3) in Northern Nigeria: a multilevel analysis.
Article in Maternal and child health journal, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
37 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors influencing childhood immunisation uptake in Africa: a systematic review.BMC public health · 2021Pooled it
- Evidence for causal links between education and maternal and child health: systematic review.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Pooled it
- The Influence of Women's Empowerment on Child Immunization Coverage in Low, Lower-Middle, and Upper-Middle Income Countries: A Systematic Review of the Literature.Maternal and child health journal · 2016Pooled it
- Diphtheria Vaccination Coverage and Correlation With Multidimensional Poverty Among Children in Nigeria.Public health challenges · 2026Article
- The influence of women's empowerment on childhood vaccination coverage in Nigeria: a spatio-temporal analysis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
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- Bayesian spatial analysis of child vaccination coverage and associated determinants in Tanzania.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Development of a prediction rule for incomplete vaccination among children in Indonesia.BMC public health · 2025Article
- How does geographical diversity shape vaccine efficacy?Clinical and experimental vaccine research · 2024Review
- Exploring the landscape of routine immunization in Nigeria: A scoping review of barriers and facilitators.Vaccine: X · 2024Article
- Of Money and Men: A Scoping Review to Map Gender Barriers to Immunization Coverage in Low- and Middle-Income Countries.Vaccines · 2024Article
- Estimation of vaccination coverage and associated factors in older Mexican adults.Epidemiology and infection · 2023Article
- Determinants of basic childhood vaccination coverage in European and OECD countries.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Article
- Article
- COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in six geopolitical zones in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey.The Pan African medical journal · 2022Article
- Unveiling and addressing implementation barriers to routine immunization in the peri-urban slums of Karachi, Pakistan: a mixed-methods study.Health research policy and systems · 2021Article
- Determinants of Incomplete Vaccination Among Children Aged 12 to 23 Months in Gindhir District, Southeastern Ethiopia: Unmatched Case-Control Study.Risk management and healthcare policy · 2021Article
- Engaging traditional barbers to identify and refer newborns for routine immunization services in Sokoto, Nigeria: a mixed methods evaluation.International journal of public health · 2020Article
- Social capital and utilization of immunization service: A multilevel analysis in rural Uttar Pradesh, India.SSM - population health · 2020Article
- Infant vaccination against malaria in Mozambique and in Togo: mapping parents' willingness to get their children vaccinated.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesHealth behaviors are influenced by an array of factors at the individual, household, community and societal levels. This paper examines the relative contribution of child's characteristics, mother's attributes, household profiles and community factors on the probability that a child will receive the full series of diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus vaccines (DPT3) as a proxy for full immunization.
methodsWe used data from a 2004 household survey conducted in three northern Nigeria states: Borno, Kano and Yobe. We estimated multilevel models with fixed effects specified at the individual, household and community levels, and random effects at the community level.
resultsOverall, only 16.0% of the children aged 12-35 months had received DPT3. The data show that a significant amount of the variation in DPT3 uptake occurs at the community level. The most significant predictors of the uptake of DPT3 are found at multiple levels and include child's place of birth, presence of an immunization card, mother's ideation, mother's decision-making power and perceived social approval of immunization. The data further show that significant community-level variations in immunization uptake remain even after individual and household factors have been considered.
conclusionsThe data reveal that childhood immunization is influenced by norms and unmeasured factors at the community level in addition to factors operating at the level of the individual child and the household. Strategies for improving the uptake of immunization should include culturally appropriate interventions that target multiple levels of influences. Improving parental attitudes towards immunization without addressing the issue of community norms is not likely to yield significant results.
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