ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
Locust retinoid X receptors: 9-Cis-retinoic acid in embryos from a primitive insect.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoid-X receptor action and disruption in development.Developmental biology · 2026Review
- Insect Lipids: Structure, Classification and Function.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Article
- Identification of a Novel Densovirus in Aphid, and Uncovering the Possible Antiviral Process During Its Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Of Retinoids and Organotins: The Evolution of the Retinoid X Receptor in Metazoa.Biomolecules · 2020Article
- Ecdysone Receptor (EcR) and Ultraspiracle Protein (USP) Genes FromFrontiers in physiology · 2020Article
- The ecdysone receptor complex is essential for the reproductive success in the female desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Article
- Genetic Evidence for Function of the bHLH-PAS Protein Gce/Met As a Juvenile Hormone Receptor.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- 9-cis-13,14-Dihydroretinoic Acid Is an Endogenous Retinoid Acting as RXR Ligand in Mice.PLoS genetics · 2015Article
- Is retinoic acid a signal for nerve regeneration in insects?Neural regeneration research · 2015Article
- Arthropod steroid hormone (20-Hydroxyecdysone) suppresses IL-1β-induced catabolic gene expression in cartilage.BMC complementary and alternative medicine · 2015Article
- Retinoic acid induces changes in electrical properties of adult neurons in a dose- and isomer-dependent manner.Journal of neurophysiology · 2014Article
- 9-Cis-retinoic acid induces growth inhibition in retinoid-sensitive breast cancer and sea urchin embryonic cells via retinoid X receptor α and replication factor C3.Molecular endocrinology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2012Article
- Molecular adaptation and resilience of the insect's nuclear receptor USP.BMC evolutionary biology · 2012Article
- Retinol metabolism in the mollusk Osilinus lineatus indicates an ancient origin for retinyl ester storage capacity.PloS one · 2012Article
- The retinoid X receptors and their ligands.Biochimica et biophysica acta · 2012Review
- Article
- From carrot to clinic: an overview of the retinoic acid signaling pathway.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2010Review
- Ecdysteroid hormone action.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The retinoid X receptor (RXR) is activated by its often elusive cognate ligand, 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA). In flies and moths, molting is mediated by a heterodimer ecdysone receptor consisting of the ecdysone monomer (EcR) and an RXR homolog, ultraspiracle (USP); the latter is believed to have diverged from its RXR origin. In the more primitive insect, Locusta migratoria (Lm), RXR is more similar to human RXRs than to USPs. LmRXR was detected in early embryos when EcR transcripts were absent, suggesting another role apart from ecdysone signaling. Recombinant LmRXRs bound 9-cis-RA and all-trans-RA with high affinity (IC(50) = 61.2-107.7 nM; K(d) = 3 nM), similar to human RXR. To determine whether specific binding had functional significance, the presence of endogenous retinoids was assessed. Embryos were extracted by using modified Bligh and Dyer and solid-phase protocols to avoid the oily precipitate that makes this material unsuitable for assay. These extracts contained retinoids (5.4 nM) as assessed by RA-inducible Cyp26A1-promoter luciferase reporter cell lines. Furthermore, the use of HPLC and MS confirmed the presence of retinoids and identified in any embryo, 9-cis-RA, in addition to all-trans-RA. We estimate that whole embryos contain 3 nM RA, including 9-cis-RA at a concentration of 1.6 nM. These findings strongly argue for a functional role for retinoids in primitive insects and favor a model where signaling through the binding of 9-cis-RA to its RXR is established relatively early in evolution and embryonic development.
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