ArticleBlood2008
Interferon autoantibodies associated with AIRE deficiency decrease the expression of IFN-stimulated genes.
Article in Blood, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 129 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Anti-interferon Auto-antibodies in Infectious Diseases.Journal of clinical immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Cytokine autoantibodies are stable throughout the haematopoietic stem cell transplantation course and are associated with distinct biomarker and blood cell profiles.Scientific reports · 2021Trial
- Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis in APECED or thymoma patients correlates with autoimmunity to Th17-associated cytokines.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2010Trial
- Clinical, genetic, and immunologic features of APS-1 patients from the Middle East, and a review of the literature.Journal of human immunity · 2026Article
- Genetic architecture of cytokine autoantibodies and associated risk of common diseases.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Investigation of Cytokine Profiles, the Expression of Genes Involved in Somatic Hypermutation and Peripheral Tolerance, and Their Correlation with Autoantibody Levels in Northern-Thai Immunodeficient Patients Carrying Anti-Interferon-γ Autoantibodies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Long-term follow-up of autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 in Norway.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2026Article
- Systemic multi-omics analysis reveals interferon response heterogeneity and links lipid metabolism to immune alterations in severe COVID-19.Genome medicine · 2026Article
- Aire-dependent interferon signalling shapes thymocyte maturation and central tolerance in mice.Communications biology · 2025Article
- Ultrasensitive Test Systems Are Required to Quantify Interferon Alpha Protein in Serum Samples.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Impaired Aire-dependent IFN signaling in the thymus precedes the protective autoantibodies to IFNα.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Thymic Interferons: A Little Goes a Long Way.Immunological reviews · 2025Review
- Cytokine Autoantibodies Alter Gene Expression Profiles of Healthy Donors.European journal of immunology · 2025Article
- Aire Mutations and Autoimmune Diseases.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Loss of tolerance precedes triggering and lifelong persistence of pathogenic type I interferon autoantibodies.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2024Article
- Lymphocyte-Directed Immunomodulation Remits Thymoma-Associated Autoimmune Pneumonitis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Interferon autoantibodies as signals of a sick thymus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Novel Insights into the Autoimmunity from the Genetic Approach of the Human Disease.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Article
- The role of interferon in the thymus.Current opinion in immunology · 2023Review
- Vaccination prevents severe COVID-19 outcome in patients with neutralizing type 1 interferon autoantibodies.iScience · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
22 authors at 13 institutions in 10 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Neutralizing autoantibodies to type I, but not type II, interferons (IFNs) are found at high titers in almost every patient with autoimmune polyendocrinopathy candidiasis ectodermal dystrophy (APECED), a disease caused by AIRE gene mutations that lead to defects in thymic T-cell selection. Combining genome-wide expression array with real time RT-PCR assays, we here demonstrate that antibodies against IFN-alpha cause highly significant down-regulation of interferon-stimulated gene expression in cells from APECED patients' blood by blocking their highly dilute endogenous IFNs. This down-regulation was lost progressively as these APECED cells matured in cultures without neutralizing autoantibodies. Most interestingly, a rare APECED patient with autoantibodies to IFN-omega but not IFN-alpha showed a marked increase in expression of the same interferon-stimulated genes. We also report unexpected increases in serum CXCL10 levels in APECED. Our results argue that the breakdown of tolerance to IFNs in AIRE deficiency is associated with impaired responses to them in thymus, and highlight APECED as another autoimmune disease with associated dysregulation of IFN activity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.