ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2008
Microbial challenge promotes the regenerative process of the injured central nervous system of the medicinal leech by inducing the synthesis of antimicrobial peptides in neurons and microglia.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 96 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unlocking Antimicrobial Peptides from Marine Invertebrates: A Comprehensive Review of Antimicrobial Discovery.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Identification and Screening of Novel Antimicrobial Peptides from Medicinal Leech via Heterologous Expression inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Genetic Variation and Gene Expression of the Antimicrobial Peptide Macins in Asian Buffalo Leech (Biology · 2025Article
- Aquatic Invertebrate Antimicrobial Peptides in the Fight Against Aquaculture Pathogens.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Review on electrical stimulation combined with electroactive biomaterials to promote peripheral nerve regeneration.Burns & trauma · 2025Review
- Review
- Identification and Characterization of RK22, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide fromInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Role of Antimicrobial Peptides in Immunity of Parasitic Leeches.Doklady biological sciences : proceedings of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Biological sciences sections · 2023Article
- Hirudomacin: a Protein with Dual Effects of Direct Bacterial Inhibition and Regulation of Innate Immunity.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Immune diversity in lophotrochozoans, with a focus on recognition and effector systems.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2023Review
- Ramosin: The First Antibacterial Peptide Identified onPharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Antimicrobial peptides from freshwater invertebrate species: potential for future applications.Molecular biology reports · 2022Review
- Soluble mediators of innate immunity in annelids and bivalve mollusks: A mini-review.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Review
- Injury-Induced Innate Immune Response During Segment Regeneration of the Earthworm,International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- A Comparative Biology of Microglia Across Species.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Review
- Worms' Antimicrobial Peptides.Marine drugs · 2019Review
- ALK4/5-dependent TGF-β signaling contributes to the crosstalk between neurons and microglia following axonal lesion.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Evolution of Neuroglia.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2019Review
- AIF-1 and RNASET2 Play Complementary Roles in the Innate Immune Response of Medicinal Leech.Journal of innate immunity · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Following trauma, the CNS of the medicinal leech, unlike the mammalian CNS, has a strong capacity to regenerate neurites and synaptic connections that restore normal function. In this study, we show that this regenerative process is enhanced by a controlled bacterial infection, suggesting that induction of regeneration of normal CNS function may depend critically upon the coinitiation of an immune response. We explore the interaction between the activation of a neuroimmune response and the process of regeneration by assaying the potential roles of two newly characterized antimicrobial peptides. Our data provide evidence that microbial components differentially induce the transcription, by microglial cells, of both antimicrobial peptide genes, the products of which accumulate rapidly at sites in the CNS undergoing regeneration following axotomy. Using a preparation of leech CNS depleted of microglial cells, we also demonstrate the production of antimicrobial peptides by neurons. Interestingly, in addition to exerting antibacterial properties, both peptides act as promoters of the regenerative process of axotomized leech CNS. These data are the first to report the neuronal synthesis of antimicrobial peptides and their participation in the immune response and the regeneration of the CNS. Thus, the leech CNS appears as an excellent model for studying the implication of immune molecules in neural repair.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.