ReviewPediatric cardiology2009
NT-pro-B-type natriuretic peptide in infants and children: reference values based on combined data from four studies.
Review in Pediatric cardiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 277 citations in OpenAlex.
- The relationship between N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease: A meta-analysis.PloS one · 2025Pooled it
- Cardiac biomarkers for the detection of cardiotoxicity in childhood cancer-a meta-analysis.ESC heart failure · 2020Pooled it
- B-type natriuretic peptide as a parameter for pulmonary hypertension in children. A systematic review.European journal of pediatrics · 2015Pooled it
- Usefulness of natriuretic peptide for the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2015Pooled it
- Association between NT-proBNP changes and clinical outcomes in paediatric patients with heart failure: Insights from PANORAMA-HF and PARADIGM-HF.ESC heart failure · 2025Trial
- Development and Validation of a Diagnostic Nomogram to Predict the Anthracycline-Induced Early Cardiotoxicity in Children with Hematological Tumors.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2022Trial
- Age-Dependent Reference Values for hs-Troponin T and NT-proBNP and Determining Factors in a Cohort of Healthy Children (The LIFE Child Study).Pediatric cardiology · 2022Trial
- Factors affecting N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide levels in preterm infants and use in determination of haemodynamic significance of patent ductus arteriosus.European journal of pediatrics · 2018Trial
- Natriuretic peptide as an adjunctive diagnostic test in the acute phase of Kawasaki disease.Pediatric cardiology · 2009Trial
- Serum NT-proBNP Concentrations in Pediatric Patients with a History of Idiopathic Cardiac Arrhythmias: A Pilot Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The role of N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide in predicting Kawasaki disease shock syndrome: a prospective cohort study.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Article
- Evolving Proteomic Biomarkers in Children with Congenital Heart Defects.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Neonatal sepsis and cardiovascular dysfunction II: assessment.Pediatric research · 2026Review
- Exploring Serum Biomarker Levels in Tetralogy of Fallot, Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, and Healthy Children.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Impact of Systemic Ventricular Morphology on Age-Adjusted (zlog-)NT-proBNP in Children with Univentricular Hearts.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
- Severe Cerebral Salt Wasting Complicating Arginine Vasopressin Deficiency After Traumatic Brain Injury.JCEM case reports · 2026Article
- Serum Proteomic Profiling Uncovers LGALS3BP as a Potential Biomarker for Idiopathic Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.The clinical respiratory journal · 2025Article
- Factors associated with NT-proBNP concentration in US children and adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999-2004.American heart journal · 2025Article
- Early-Onset Chronic Drug-Induced Cardiomyopathy in a Pediatric Patient With Ewing Sarcoma.Cureus · 2025Article
- Reference values for cardiac hormones in young Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscat).The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2025Article
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In cardiology, B-type natriuretic peptide and the amino terminal segment of its prohormone (NT-proBNP) are important biomarkers. The importance of these peptides as markers for heart disease in pediatric cardiology is reviewed. The peptide levels are dependent on age, assay, and possibly gender. The normal value range and upper limits for infants and children are needed. To determine reference values, data were combined from four studies that measured NT-proBNP levels in normal infants and children using the same electrochemiluminescence assay. The age intervals for the upper limits of normal were chosen for intervals in which no age-dependent change was observed. Statistical analysis was performed on log-transformed data. A total of 690 subjects (47% males) ages birth to 18 years were included in the review. The levels of NT-proBNP were highest in the first days of life, then showed a marked decline in the first week or weeks. The peptide levels continued to decline gradually with age (r = 0.43; p < 0.001). Male and female levels differed only for children ages 10 to 14 years. However, the upper limit of normal did not differ between the boys and girls in any age group. The findings lead to the conclusion that B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and NT-proBNP are important markers for heart disease in pediatric cardiology. The levels of NT-proBNP are highest in the first days of life and decrease drastically thereafter. A mild gradual decline occurs with age throughout childhood. Girls have somewhat higher levels of NT-proBNP during puberty.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.