ArticleSocial psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology2009
Are factors associated with suicidal ideation true risk factors? A 3-year prospective follow-up study in a general population.
Article in Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Determinants of Suicidality in the European General Population: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Pooled it
- Smoking and Suicide: A Meta-Analysis.PloS one · 2016Pooled it
- Smoking status and the onset of suicidal ideation among adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic.Annals of general psychiatry · 2025Article
- Association of constipation with suicidal ideation among US adults and the partial mediating role of depression.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Perceived ethnic discrimination, suicidal ideation and mastery in a multi-ethnic cohort: the HELIUS study.BJPsych open · 2023Article
- Suicidal Ideation in Major Depressed Individuals: Role of Type D Personality.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- The Role of Mindfulness in Mitigating the Detrimental Effects of Harsh Parenting among Chinese Adolescents: Testing a Moderated Mediation Model in a Three-Wave Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Insecure adult attachment and reflective functioning as mechanisms of the relationship between traumatic life events and suicidal ideation: A path analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2022Article
- Identification of Risk Factors for Suicidal Ideation and Attempt Based on Machine Learning Algorithms: A Longitudinal Survey in Korea (2007-2019).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Understanding ambivalence in help-seeking for suicidal people with comorbid depression and alcohol misuse.PloS one · 2020Article
- Article
- The Relationships Between Functional Limitation, Depression, Suicidal Ideation, and Coping in Older Korean Immigrants.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2015Article
- Life events: a complex role in the timing of suicidal behavior among depressed patients.Molecular psychiatry · 2014Article
- Employment loss during economic crisis and suicidal thoughts in Belgium: a survey in general practice.The British journal of general practice : the journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners · 2013Article
- Rural/urban background, depression and suicidal ideation in Chinese college students: a cross-sectional study.PloS one · 2013Article
- You've got to have friends: the predictive value of social integration and support in suicidal ideation among rural communities.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2012Article
- Suicidal ideation among adults with arthritis: prevalence and subgroups at highest risk. Data from the 2007-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Arthritis care & research · 2011Article
- Suicidal ideation, parent-child relationships, and adverse childhood experiences: a cross-validation study using a Graphical Markov Model.Child psychiatry and human development · 2011Article
- Predictors of suicidality in depressive spectrum disorders in the general population: results of the Netherlands Mental Health Survey and Incidence Study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2010Article
- The influence of limitation in activity of daily living and physical health on suicidal ideation: results from a population survey of Great Britain.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdverse life events or the commencement of adverse lifestyles associate with suicidal ideation, but most associations only have been identified in cross-sectional studies. More information is needed about whether they are true risk factors and independently predict the development of suicidal ideation.
methodA sample of the general population from Eastern Finland (n = 1,339) was followed-up for three-years with baseline and two follow-up assessments using postal questionnaires. The main adverse life events and changes in lifestyles were screened at baseline and on one- and three-year follow-up. The Beck Depression Inventory was used to assess the level of depression and the presence of suicidal ideation.
resultsSuicidal ideation was common in the sample (annual incidence 4.3%). At baseline it associated with a cluster of adverse life events and lifestyles, as well as depression. Nevertheless, only the Beck Depression Inventory score on 3-year follow-up (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.22-1.45) and the onset of daily smoking during the follow-up period (OR 5.38, 95% CI 1.41-20.62) independently predicted the presence of suicidal ideation on 3-year follow-up among those who had been non-suicidal at baseline and on 1-year follow-up.
conclusionDepressive mood appears to be a necessary precondition for the occurrence of suicidal ideation even after adverse life events.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18600285What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.