SynthesisEuropean heart journal2008
Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis.
Synthesis in European heart journal, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 186 citations in OpenAlex.
- Statistical reanalysis of vascular event outcomes in primary and secondary vascular prevention trials.BMC medical research methodology · 2021Pooled it
- Menopausal hormone therapy and women's health: An umbrella review.PLoS medicine · 2021Pooled it
- Guideline
- Menopausal symptoms.BMJ clinical evidence · 2011Pooled it
- Migraine headache and ischemic stroke risk: an updated meta-analysis.The American journal of medicine · 2010Pooled it
- Menopausal symptoms.BMJ clinical evidence · 2010Pooled it
- Effects of micronized progesterone added to non-oral estradiol on lipids and cardiovascular risk factors in early postmenopause: a clinical trial.Lipids in health and disease · 2012Trial
- Ambient particulate matter air pollution and venous thromboembolism in the Women's Health Initiative Hormone Therapy trials.Environmental health perspectives · 2011Trial
- Vascular health and exercise in females throughout the lifespan: Exploring puberty, pregnancy and menopause.Experimental physiology · 2026Review
- Beyond the conventional risk factors in the management of atherosclerosis in women: a call to action for careful consideration of obesity and inflammation.European heart journal open · 2026Review
- Probiotic Kefir Improves Renal Disorders in Ovariectomized Female SHR with High Fructose Intake-Induced Metabolic Syndrome.Probiotics and antimicrobial proteins · 2026Article
- Exploring the risk of venous thromboembolism in women with rheumatoid arthritis initiating menopausal hormone treatment in England.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2026Article
- Transient Renal Artery Stenosis in Renal Infarction: A Case Report.The American journal of case reports · 2025Article
- Contemporary menopausal hormone therapy and risk of cardiovascular disease: Swedish nationwide register based emulated target trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2024Article
- Potential Therapeutic Options for Premature Ovarian Insufficiency: Experimental and Clinical Evidence.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Review
- Optimising the analysis of vascular prevention trials: Re-Assessment of the TARDIS trial, the first prevention trial to adopt an ordinal primary outcome measure.Contemporary clinical trials communications · 2023Article
- Thromboembolic risk with gender-affirming hormone therapy: potential role of global coagulation and fibrinolysis assays.Research and practice in thrombosis and haemostasis · 2023Review
- Venous Thromboembolism in Pregnancy: Challenges and Solutions.Vascular health and risk management · 2023Review
- Metabolic Disorders in Menopause.Metabolites · 2022Review
- [Preventive activities in women. PAPPS update 2022].Atencion primaria · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
aimsRandomized controlled trials (RCTs) have shown that the risk of stroke and venous thromboembolism (VTE) is increased with hormone replacement therapy (HRT); the effect on coronary heart disease (CHD) remains unclear. METHODS AND
resultsRCTs of HRT were identified. Event rates for cerebrovascular disease [stroke, TIA (transient ischaemic attack)], CHD (myocardial infarction, unstable angina, sudden cardiac death), and VTE (pulmonary embolism, deep vein thrombosis) were analysed. Sensitivity analyses were performed by type of HRT (mono vs. dual) and subject age. 31 trials (44 113 subjects) were identified. HRT was associated with increases in stroke (odds ratio, OR, 1.32, 95% confidence intervals, CI, 1.14-1.53) and VTE (OR 2.05, 95% CI 1.44-2.92). In contrast, CHD events were not increased (OR 1.02, 95% CI 0.90-1.11). Ordinal analyses confirmed that stroke severity was increased with HRT (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.12-1.54). Although most trials included older subjects, age did not significantly affect risk. The addition of progesterone to oestrogen doubled the risk of VTE.
conclusionHRT is associated with an increased risk of stroke, stroke severity, and VTE, but not of CHD events. Although most trials studied older patients, increased risk was not related to age. Combined HRT increases the risk of VTE compared with oestrogen monotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.