ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2008
Multiple vaccinations, health, and recall bias within UK armed forces deployed to Iraq: cohort study.
Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed, 10 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diminished Neutralization Capacity of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 in Donor Plasma Collected from January to March 2021.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- The symmetry rule: a seven-year study of symptoms and explanatory labels among Gulf War veterans.Risk analysis : an official publication of the Society for Risk Analysis · 2008Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the relation between self reported number of vaccinations received and health, and between numbers of vaccinations recorded from individuals' medical records and health.
designFirst phase of a cohort study.
settingUK armed forces personnel.
participants4882 randomly selected military personnel deployed to Iraq since 2003 and a subset of 378 whose vaccination records were accessed.
main outcome measuresPsychological distress, fatigue, symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder, health perception, and multiple physical symptoms.
resultsPersonnel who reported receiving two or more vaccinations on a single day were more likely to report symptoms of fatigue (adjusted risk ratio 1.17, 95% confidence interval 1.05 to 1.30), show caseness according to the general health questionnaire (1.31, 1.13 to 1.53), and have multiple physical symptoms (1.32, 1.08 to 1.60). These associations were no longer significant when number of vaccinations recorded in individuals' medical records was used as the independent variable.
conclusionsMultiple vaccinations given to personnel in the UK armed forces in preparation for deployment to Iraq are not associated with adverse health consequences when vaccinations are recorded objectively from medical records. Adverse health consequences associated with self reported multiple vaccinations could be explained by recall bias.
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