ReviewCurrent opinion in microbiology2008
Tumor necrosis factor and interferon: cytokines in harmony.
Review in Current opinion in microbiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- T cell-associated immunity induced by heterologous recombinant BCG and purified protein vaccination confers cross-variant protection against SARS-CoV-2.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Pyroptosis: Molecular mechanisms and function.Journal of physiology and biochemistry · 2026Review
- Cytokine Profiles in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Across Different Durations of the Disease: An Exploratory Cross-Sectional Study.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- CD4 T-cell platform for delivering interferons as an antiviral countermeasure with a focus on SARS-CoV-2.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2026Article
- Induced Regulatory T Cells Attenuate Poly I:C-Triggered Acute Lung Injury by Modulating Cytokine Responses.Journal of immunology research · 2026Article
- Combined Effects of Microplastics and Mercury on Growth, Hematology, Tissue Morphology, GH/IGF Axis, and Antioxidant-Immune Responses in Nile Tilapia.Journal of toxicology · 2026Article
- Elevated neuroinflammation, autoimmunity, and altered IgG glycosylation profile in the cerebral spinal fluid of severe COVID-19 patients.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2025Article
- Diet composition affects bat viral shedding with potential consequences for pathogen spillover.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2025Article
- Regulation of Granzymes A and B by High-Risk HPV: Impact on Immune Evasion and Carcinogenesis.Viruses · 2025Review
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Inhibits the Replication of Patient-Derived Archetype BK Polyomavirus While Activating Rearranged Strains.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Poxvirus A51R proteins regulate microtubule stability and antagonize a cell-intrinsic antiviral response.Cell reports · 2024Article
- The role of viruses in cancer development versus cancer therapy: An oncological perspective.Cancer medicine · 2023Review
- Physical radiofrequency adjuvant enhances immune responses to influenza H5N1 vaccination.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2022Article
- Human Lung Stem Cell-Based Alveolospheres Provide Insights into SARS-CoV-2-Mediated Interferon Responses and Pneumocyte Dysfunction.Cell stem cell · 2020Article
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Inhibits Spread of Hepatitis C Virus Among Liver Cells, Independent From Interferons.Gastroenterology · 2017Article
- Article
- Application of Traditional Chinese Medical Herbs in Prevention and Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2016Review
- Constitutive IFNα/β signaling maintains expression of signaling intermediaries for efficient cytokine responses.JAK-STAT · 2016Article
- Article
- Prolonged tumor necrosis factor α primes fibroblast-like synoviocytes in a gene-specific manner by altering chromatin.Arthritis & rheumatology (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Individually, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and the various interferons frequently display strong antiviral activities. Certain combinations of these cytokines, however, induce a synergistic antiviral state which is distinct from that induced by either one alone. This novel synergistic antiviral state likely occurs through several possible mechanisms, involves multiple signaling pathways, and inhibits a wider range of viruses than the individual cytokines alone. While underappreciated when first discovered, this synergistic phenomenon is proving to be of a much broader scope than initially thought. More work is needed to refine our understanding of this observation and its physiological implications for anti-pathogen responses.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.