ReviewJournal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine2008
Obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease: role of the metabolic syndrome and its components.
Review in Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 156 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
156 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 287 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between atherogenic index of plasma and various metabolic conditions: an umbrella review on meta-analyses.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2025Pooled it
- Quality of Life in Chronic Heart Failure With Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Systematic Review.Nursing open · 2025Pooled it
- Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2023Pooled it
- The effect of obstructive sleep apnea on the increased risk of cardiovascular disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Sudden death in individuals with obstructive sleep apnoea: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open respiratory research · 2021Pooled it
- Gender Differences in the Context of Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Metabolic Diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of the association between serotonergic gene polymorphisms and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.PloS one · 2014Pooled it
- Obstructive sleep apnea is associated with fatty liver and abnormal liver enzymes: a meta-analysis.Obesity surgery · 2013Pooled it
- Effects of intranasal steroids on continuous positive airway pressure compliance among patients with obstructive sleep apnea.Sleep & breathing = Schlaf & Atmung · 2021Trial
- CPAP increases physical activity in obstructive sleep apnea with cardiovascular disease.Journal of clinical sleep medicine : JCSM : official publication of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine · 2021Trial
- Does Physiological Stress Slow Down Wound Healing in Patients With Diabetes?Journal of diabetes science and technology · 2017Trial
- Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Model for Precision Sleep Medicine.Journal of otorhinolaryngology, hearing and balance medicine · 2026Article
- Maxillomandibular Advancement Guided by the Barcelona Line, a Facial Soft-Tissue Reference, in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Feasibility Study.Craniomaxillofacial trauma & reconstruction · 2026Article
- Characteristics of Abdominal Movement Signals Measured by a Wireless Abdomen-Worn Sensor During Home Sleep Apnea Testing: Pilot Observational Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Observational
- [Sleep disturbances in menopausal women. What do they say?: a cross-sectional study]Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina) · 2026Article
- A multifaceted approach for obstructive sleep apnea classification from ECG signal using deep learning.Npj biological timing and sleep · 2026Article
- Article
- The interconnection between obstructive sleep apnoea and spondyloarthritis: pathophysiology, clinical evidence, and future perspectives.Rheumatology international · 2026Review
- Changes in Upper Airway Anatomy and Apnea-Hypopnea Index in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: A Pilot Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Evolution of daytime sleepiness and affective symptoms in patients with obstructive sleep apnea treated with Continuous Positive Airway PressureRevista de la Facultad de Ciencias Medicas (Cordoba, Argentina) · 2026Observational
96 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease have common risk factors, epidemiologic studies show that sleep apnea increases risks for cardiovascular disease independently of individuals' demographic characteristics (i.e., age, sex, and race) or risk markers (i.e., smoking, alcohol, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation, and hypertension). Individuals with severe sleep apnea are at increased risk for coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, and stroke. The underlying mechanisms explaining associations between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease are not entirely delineated. Several intermediary mechanisms might be involved including sustained sympathetic activation, intrathoracic pressure changes, and oxidative stress. Other abnormalities such as disorders in coagulation factors, endothelial damage, platelet activation, and increased inflammatory mediators might also play a role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Linkage between obstructive sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease is corroborated by evidence that treatment of sleep apnea with continuous positive airway pressure reduces systolic blood pressure, improves left ventricular systolic function, and diminishes platelet activation. Several systematic studies are necessary to explicate complex associations between sleep apnea and cardiovascular disease, which may be compounded by the involvement of diseases comprising the metabolic syndrome (i.e., central obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and dyslipidemia). Large-scale, population-based studies testing causal models linking among sleep apnea, cardiovascular morbidity, and metabolic syndrome are needed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18595441PMC2546461W2180953514What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.