Trial reportThe American journal of psychiatry2008
Selective muscarinic receptor agonist xanomeline as a novel treatment approach for schizophrenia.
Trial report in The American journal of psychiatry, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT05105542 (Muscarinic M1 Receptor Availability and Cognition in Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 264 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Muscarinic M1 Receptor Availability and Cognition in Schizophrenia
Who cites it
264 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 556 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of the muscarinic receptor agonist KarXT (Xanomeline-Trospium) in schizophrenia: a systematic review, meta-analysis and Bayesian sensitivity analysis.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Pooled it
- Cholinergic system in schizophrenia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Molecular psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Is muscarinic receptor agonist effective and tolerant for schizophrenia?BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Novel pharmaceutical treatment approaches for schizophrenia: a systematic literature review.European journal of clinical pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- Does KarXT (xanomeline-trospium) represent a novel approach to schizophrenia management? A GRADE-assessed systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.BMC psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Canonical and Non-Canonical Antipsychotics' Dopamine-Related Mechanisms of Present and Next Generation Molecules: A Systematic Review on Translational Highlights for Treatment Response and Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- Clinical Effectiveness of Muscarinic Receptor-Targeted Interventions in Neuropsychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review.CNS drugs · 2022Pooled it
- New Antipsychotic Medications in the Last Decade.Current psychiatry reports · 2021Pooled it
- Evidence of trospium's ability to mitigate cholinergic adverse events related to xanomeline: phase 1 study results.Psychopharmacology · 2023Trial
- Effectiveness of KarXT (xanomeline-trospium) for cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: post hoc analyses from a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 2 study.Translational psychiatry · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptor Agonist and Peripheral Antagonist for Schizophrenia.The New England journal of medicine · 2021Trial
- Global perspectives on central nervous system drug innovation: achievements, barriers, and priorities for the next decade.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Review
- Schizophrenia: from mechanism to therapy.Science China. Life sciences · 2026Review
- Lower Muscarinic MBiological psychiatry · 2026Article
- Why Is Clozapine Uniquely Effective in Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia? A Review and Proposal.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Discovery of VU6025733 (AG06827): A Highly Selective, Orally Bioavailable, and Structurally Distinct MACS chemical neuroscience · 2026Article
- Can Sodium Oxybate Mitigate the Symptoms of Schizophrenia?Current neuropharmacology · 2026Review
- From dopamine to muscarine: xanomeline-trospium (KarXT) as a novel direction in the psychopharmacotherapy of schizophrenia.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Targeting muscarinic receptors for treating schizophrenia.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2026Review
204 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveThere are significant unmet needs in the treatment of schizophrenia, especially for the treatment of cognitive impairment, negative syndrome, and cognitive function. Preclinical data suggest that agonists with selective affinity for acetylcholine muscarinic receptors provide a potentially new mechanism to treat schizophrenia. The authors studied xanomeline, a relatively selective muscarinic type 1 and type 4 (M(1) and M(4)) receptor agonist, to determine if this agent is effective in the treatment of schizophrenia.
methodIn this pilot study, the authors examined the efficacy of xanomeline on clinical outcomes in subjects with schizophrenia (N=20) utilizing a double-blind, placebo-controlled, 4-week treatment design. Outcome measures included the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia, the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Clinical Global Impression (CGI) scale, and a test battery designed to measure cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.
resultsSubjects treated with xanomeline did significantly better than subjects in the placebo group on total BPRS scores and total PANSS scores. In the cognitive test battery, subjects in the xanomeline group showed improvements most robustly in measures of verbal learning and short-term memory function.
conclusionsThese results support further investigation of xanomeline as a novel approach to treating schizophrenia.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.