ReviewPhilosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences2008
Towards a virtual lung: multi-scale, multi-physics modelling of the pulmonary system.
Review in Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human lungs fluid mechanics: an overview of current modelling techniques.The European physical journal. E, Soft matter · 2026Review
- Pulmonary Biomechanics in COPD: Imaging Techniques and Clinical Applications.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2025Review
- Digital twins for chronic lung diseases.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Engineering Dynamic 3D Models of Lung.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023Article
- SARS CoV-2 aerosol: How far it can travel to the lower airways?Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Article
- A dynamical overview of droplets in the transmission of respiratory infectious diseases.Physics of fluids (Woodbury, N.Y. : 1994) · 2021Review
- From digital hype to analogue reality: Universal simulation beyond the quantum and exascale eras.Journal of computational science · 2020Article
- Multi-scale models of lung fibrosis.Matrix biology : journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology · 2020Review
- Optimising mechanical ventilation through model-based methods and automation.Annual reviews in control · 2019Review
- Modeling Lung Architecture in the XCAT Series of Phantoms: Physiologically Based Airways, Arteries and Veins.IEEE transactions on medical imaging · 2018Article
- Perspectives on Sharing Models and Related Resources in Computational Biomechanics Research.Journal of biomechanical engineering · 2018Article
- Nanoparticle transport and delivery in a heterogeneous pulmonary vasculature.Journal of biomechanics · 2017Article
- Article
- An integrated physiology model to study regional lung damage effects and the physiologic response.Theoretical biology & medical modelling · 2014Article
- Computational approaches to analyse and predict small molecule transport and distribution at cellular and subcellular levels.Biopharmaceutics & drug disposition · 2014Review
- Moving H5N1 studies into the era of systems biology.Virus research · 2013Review
- Space physiology IV: mathematical modeling of the cardiovascular system in space exploration.European journal of applied physiology · 2013Review
- Systems biology and physiome projects.Wiley interdisciplinary reviews. Systems biology and medicineArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The essential function of the lung, gas exchange, is dependent on adequate matching of ventilation and perfusion, where air and blood are delivered through complex branching systems exposed to regionally varying transpulmonary and transmural pressures. Structure and function in the lung are intimately related, yet computational models in pulmonary physiology usually simplify or neglect structure. The geometries of the airway and vascular systems and their interaction with parenchymal tissue have an important bearing on regional distributions of air and blood, and therefore on whole lung gas exchange, but this has not yet been addressed by modelling studies. Models for gas exchange have typically incorporated considerable detail at the level of chemical reactions, with little thought for the influence of structure. To date, relatively little attention has been paid to modelling at the cellular or subcellular level in the lung, or to linking information from the protein structure/interaction and cellular levels to the operation of the whole lung. We review previous work in developing anatomically based models of the lung, airways, parenchyma and pulmonary vasculature, and some functional studies in which these models have been used. Models for gas exchange at several spatial scales are briefly reviewed, and the challenges and benefits from modelling cellular function in the lung are discussed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.