ArticleThe Journal of cell biology2008
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor is internalized via a Rac-dependent, dynamin-independent endocytic pathway.
Article in The Journal of cell biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complement C3 inhibition restores myasthenia gravis AChR antibody-mediated muscle pathophysiology.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Early postsynaptic instability and acetylcholine receptor compartmentalization precede neuromuscular synapse dismantling.Communications biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Modulation of a rapid neurotransmitter receptor-ion channel by membrane lipids.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Maturation of a postsynaptic domain: Role of small Rho GTPases in organising nicotinic acetylcholine receptor aggregates at the vertebrate neuromuscular junction.Journal of anatomy · 2022Review
- Amyloid β, Lipid Metabolism, Basal Cholinergic System, and Therapeutics in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Fluorescence microscopy imaging of a neurotransmitter receptor and its cell membrane lipid milieu.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2022Review
- Lithium causes differential effects on postsynaptic stability in normal and denervated neuromuscular synapses.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Motor function recovery: deciphering a regenerative niche at the neuromuscular synapse.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2021Review
- The Metabolic Stability of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor at the Neuromuscular Junction.Cells · 2021Review
- Possible implications of dysregulated nicotinic acetylcholine receptor diffusion and nanocluster formation in myasthenia gravis.Neural regeneration research · 2021Review
- Serotonin Receptor and Transporter Endocytosis Is an Important Factor in the Cellular Basis of Depression and Anxiety.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2021Article
- Lovastatin Differentially Regulates α7 and α4 Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Levels in Rat Hippocampal Neurons.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- AChR antibodies show a complex interaction with human skeletal muscle cells in a transcriptomic study.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- Spoiled for Choice: Diverse Endocytic Pathways Function at the Cell Surface.Annual review of cell and developmental biology · 2019Review
- Isoform-specific mechanisms of α3β4*-nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation by the prototoxin lynx1.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2017Article
- Suppression of CHRN endocytosis by carbonic anhydrase CAR3 in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis.Autophagy · 2017Article
- Article
- Rabies Internalizes into Primary Peripheral Neurons via Clathrin Coated Pits and Requires Fusion at the Cell Body.PLoS pathogens · 2016Article
- Skeletal Muscle Pathology in X-Linked Myotubular Myopathy: Review With Cross-Species Comparisons.Journal of neuropathology and experimental neurology · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Endocytosis of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) is a proposed major mechanism of neuromodulation at neuromuscular junctions and in the pathology of synapses in the central nervous system. We show that binding of the competitive antagonist alpha-bungarotoxin (alphaBTX) or antibody-mediated cross-linking induces the internalization of cell surface AChR to late endosomes when expressed heterologously in Chinese hamster ovary cells or endogenously in C2C12 myocytes. Internalization occurs via sequestration of AChR-alphaBTX complexes in narrow, tubular, surface-connected compartments, which are indicated by differential surface accessibility of fluorescently tagged alphaBTX-AChR complexes to small and large molecules and real-time total internal reflection fluorescence imaging. Internalization occurs in the absence of clathrin, caveolin, or dynamin but requires actin polymerization. alphaBTX binding triggers c-Src phosphorylation and subsequently activates the Rho guanosine triphosphatase Rac1. Consequently, inhibition of c-Src kinase activity, Rac1 activity, or actin polymerization inhibits internalization via this unusual endocytic mechanism. This pathway may regulate AChR levels at ligand-gated synapses and in pathological conditions such as the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.