ArticleDiabetes2008
Evidence for interindividual heterogeneity in the glucose gradient across the human red blood cell membrane and its relationship to hemoglobin glycation.
Article in Diabetes, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 137 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of ethnicity on HbA1c levels in individuals without diabetes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- Hemoglobin glycation index, calculated from a single fasting glucose value, as a prediction tool for severe hypoglycemia and major adverse cardiovascular events in DEVOTE.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2021Trial
- Implications of the Hemoglobin Glycation Index on the Diagnosis of Prediabetes and Diabetes.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2020Trial
- Article
- Association Between the Hemoglobin Glycation Index and the Risk of Delirium in Stroke Patients Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit: A Retrospective Study Based on the MIMIC-IV Database.Brain and behavior · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index correlates with the prognoses of critically ill patients with hyperlipidemia: a retrospective cohort study from the MIMIC-IV database.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- The Predictive Value of Hemoglobin Glycation Index and Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential Among AMI Patients-A Prospective Registry Study.Journal of diabetes · 2026Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index and mortality risk in severe community-acquired pneumonia: a retrospective study.Journal of thoracic disease · 2026Article
- Physical Activity, Myokine-Adipokine Signatures and Haemoglobin Glycation Index in Adults with Type 2 Diabetes.Diabetes, metabolic syndrome and obesity : targets and therapy · 2026Article
- Association between hemoglobin glycation index and cognitive function: Evidence in the elderly.PloS one · 2026Article
- Consensus statement on novel glucose-related metrics obtained through advanced medical devices: English version.Diabetology international · 2025Article
- Association of Hemoglobin Glycation Index With All-Cause Mortality, Cardiac Mortality, and Cardiovascular Mortality in the General Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study of NHANES Data.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Article
- Exploring the association between hemoglobin glycation index and cognitive function in older adults with hypertension: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2025Article
- Sex differences between mid-life glycaemic traits and brain volume at age 70: a population-based study.European journal of endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association between the haemoglobin glycation index and 30-day and 365-day mortality in patients with heart failure admitted to the intensive care unit.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Serum magnesium and calcium were inversely associated with hemoglobin glycation index and triglyceride-glucose index in adults with coronary artery disease.Biological trace element research · 2025Article
- Novel indicator of microvascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and shortened erythrocyte lifespan: a multicenter cross-sectional analysis.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Article
- Quantifying glucose uptake at the single cell level with confocal microscopy reveals significant variability within and across individuals.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hemoglobin glycation index and all-cause mortality in adults: insights from a decade-long prospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
- Association between hemoglobin glycation index and the risk of cardiovascular disease in early-stage cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic syndrome: evidence from the China health and retirement longitudinal study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo determine whether interindividual heterogeneity in the erythrocyte (red blood cell [RBC]) transmembrane glucose gradient might explain discordances between A1C and glycemic control based on measured fructosamine. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsWe modeled the relationship between plasma glucose and RBC glucose as the concentration distribution (C(i)-to-C(o) ratio) of a nonmetabolizable glucose analog (14)C-3-O-methyl glucose ((14)C-3OMG) inside (C(i)) and outside (C(o)) RBCs in vitro. We examined the relationship between that distribution and the degree of glycation of hemoglobin in comparison with glycation of serum proteins (fructosamine), the glycation gap. A1C, fructosamine, and in vitro determination of the (14)C-3OMG distribution in glucose-depleted RBCs were measured in 26 fasted subjects.
resultsThe C(i)-to-C(o) ratio 0.89 +/- 0.07 for 3-O-methyl-d-glucopyranose (3OMG) ranged widely (0.72-1.04, n = 26). In contrast, urea C(i)-to-C(o) (1.015 +/- 0.022 [range 0.98-1.07], P < 0.0001) did not. Concerning mechanism, in a representative subset of subjects, the C(i)-to-C(o) ratio was retained in RBC ghosts, was not dependent on ATP or external cations, and was reestablished after reversal of the glucose gradient. The 3OMG C(i)-to-C(o) ratio was not correlated with serum fructosamine, suggesting that it was independent of mean plasma glucose. However, C(i)-to-C(o) did correlate with A1C (R(2) = 0.19) and with the glycation gap (R(2) = 0.20), consistent with a model in which differences in internal glucose concentration at a given mean plasma glucose contribute to differences in A1C for given level of glycemic control.
conclusionsThe data demonstrate interindividual heterogeneity in glucose gradients across RBC membranes that may affect hemoglobin glycation and have implications for diabetes complications risk and risk assessment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.