ArticleMolecular and cellular biology2008
MicroRNA 21 promotes glioma invasion by targeting matrix metalloproteinase regulators.
Article in Molecular and cellular biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 449 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
449 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 884 citations in OpenAlex.
- MicroRNA as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in brain gliomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in neurology · 2024Pooled it
- Circulating microRNAs for Early Diagnosis of Ovarian Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Biomolecules · 2023Pooled it
- Role of the MicroRNAs in the Pathogenic Mechanism of Painful Symptoms in Long COVID: Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Pooled it
- The diagnostic value of serum miR-21 in patients with ovarian cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of ovarian research · 2022Pooled it
- Prognostic role of microRNA-21 expression in gliomas: a meta-analysis.Journal of neuro-oncology · 2016Pooled it
- Myrtenol modulates TWEAK/TLR4-NF-κB, miR-21, PTEN, and ERK-1 expressions and improves behavioral outcomes in a rat glioblastoma model.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Article
- Distinct Expression Patterns of miR-21-5p and miR-21-3p in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Early Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2026Article
- Integrated Network Analysis Suggests an miR-21/MMP/VEGF-Associated Regulatory Axis in Gastric Cancer.Cancer reports (Hoboken, N.J.) · 2026Article
- Review
- Research trends in microRNAs in glioma tumors: A data-driven exploration using a bibliometric approach.IBRO neuroscience reports · 2026Review
- Article
- circSH3GL3 inhibits glioma progression and invasion via regulating the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways by competitively binding with miR-21-5p.Molecular and cellular biochemistry · 2026Article
- Molecular Pathways Driving Corneal Neovascularization in Herpes Simplex Keratitis.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Roles of the Membrane-Anchored Glycoprotein RECK in Animal Development, Tumor Suppression, and Beyond.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Integrative Analysis of miR-21, PTEN, and Immune Signatures in Colorectal Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Article
- Elucidating the association between TLR-4 expression and the clinical course of glioblastoma leptomeningeal disease.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Nuclear Roles of Spliceosome-Associated microRNAs in Neuronal Cancer Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Curcumin as a promising therapeutic agent for diabetic neuropathy: from molecular mechanisms to functional recovery.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2025Review
- Ultrasmall nanoparticles for co-delivery of antisense oligonucleotides targeting miR-21 and miR-210 to treat glioblastoma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
389 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Substantial data indicate that microRNA 21 (miR-21) is significantly elevated in glioblastoma (GBM) and in many other tumors of various origins. This microRNA has been implicated in various aspects of carcinogenesis, including cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and migration. We demonstrate that miR-21 regulates multiple genes associated with glioma cell apoptosis, migration, and invasiveness, including the RECK and TIMP3 genes, which are suppressors of malignancy and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). Specific inhibition of miR-21 with antisense oligonucleotides leads to elevated levels of RECK and TIMP3 and therefore reduces MMP activities in vitro and in a human model of gliomas in nude mice. Moreover, downregulation of miR-21 in glioma cells leads to decreases of their migratory and invasion abilities. Our data suggest that miR-21 contributes to glioma malignancy by downregulation of MMP inhibitors, which leads to activation of MMPs, thus promoting invasiveness of cancer cells. Our results also indicate that inhibition of a single oncomir, like miR-21, with specific antisense molecules can provide a novel therapeutic approach for "physiological" modulation of multiple proteins whose expression is deregulated in cancer.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.