ArticleReproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E2008
Autoimmunity in gestational diabetes mellitus in Sardinia: a preliminary case-control report.
Article in Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
- Islet-autoantibodies in gestational diabetes and risk of progression to postpartum diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Pooled it
- Screening and Treatment for Early-Onset Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Current diabetes reports · 2017Pooled it
- Correction: Islet-autoantibodies in gestational diabetes and risk of progression to postpartum diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Unveiling Gestational Diabetes: An Overview of Pathophysiology and Management.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Autoimmune pathogenesis of gestational diabetes mellitus: the risk of progression to type 1 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Type 1 diabetes diagnosed during pregnancy-an unusual but important challenge: a case series and review of literature.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Autoantibodies predict type 1 diabetes after gestational diabetes - a 23-year cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2023Article
- Type 1 diabetes-related autoimmune antibodies in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and the long-term risk for glucose intolerance.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Is There Any Relationship Between Thyroid Function Abnormalities, Thyroid Antibodies and Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) in Pregnant Women?Medeniyet medical journal · 2020Article
- Testing for type 1 diabetes autoantibodies in gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM): is it clinically useful?BMC endocrine disorders · 2019Article
- Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosed during Follow-up of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in the Early Postpartum Period.Internal medicine (Tokyo, Japan) · 2018Article
- Presence of diabetes-specific autoimmunity in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) predicts impaired glucose regulation at follow-up.Journal of endocrinological investigation · 2018Article
- Role of T-Cell Polarization and Inflammation and Their Modulation by n-3 Fatty Acids in Gestational Diabetes and Macrosomia.Journal of nutrition and metabolism · 2016Review
- Postpartum development of type 1 diabetes in Asian Indian women with gestational diabetes.Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolismArticle
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundWe previously reported a high prevalence (22.3%) of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a large group of Sardinian women, in contrast with the prevalence of Type 2 diabetes. Sardinia has an unusual distribution of haplotypes and genotypes, with the highest population frequency of HLA DR3 in the world, and after Finland, the highest prevalence of Type 1 diabetes and Autoimmune-related Diseases. In this study we preliminarily tested the prevalence of serological markers of Type 1 diabetes in a group of Sardinian GDM patients.
methodsWe determined glutamic decarboxylase antibodies (anti-GAD65), protein tyrosine phosphatase ICA 512 (IA2) antibodies (anti-IA2), and IAA in 62 GDM patients, and in 56 controls with matching age, gestational age and parity.
resultsWe found a high prevalence and very unusual distribution of antibodies in GDM patients (38.8%), the anti-IA2 being the most frequent antibody. Out of all our GDM patients, 38.8% (24 of 62) were positive for at least one antibody. Anti-IA2 was present in 29.0 % (18 out of 62) vs. 7.1% (4 out of 56) in the controls (P < 0.001). IAA was present in 14.5% (9 out of 62) of our GDM patients, and absent in the control subjects (P < 0.001). Anti-GAD65 was also present in GDM patients, with a prevalence of 3.2% (2 out of 62) while it was absent in the control group (P = NS). Pre-gestational weight was significantly lower (57.78 +/- 9.8 vs 65.9 +/- 17.3 P = 0.04) in auto-antibodies- positive GDM patients.
conclusionThese results are in contrast with the very low prevalence of all antibodies reported in Italy. If confirmed, they could indicate that a large proportion of GDM patients in Sardinia have an autoimmune origin, in accordance with the high prevalence of Type 1 diabetes.
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