ArticleVirology2008
Coxsackievirus B3-induced myocarditis: infection of females during the estrus phase of the ovarian cycle leads to activation of T regulatory cells.
Article in Virology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 54 citations in OpenAlex.
- [Disease burden and risk factors of myocarditis among children and adolescents aged 0-19 years in China from 1990 to 2021 and projection of future disease burden trends].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2026Article
- Global lifetime risk of developing myocarditis, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular Involvement in Tuberculosis Patients Treated in Southern Africa.JACC. Advances · 2025Article
- A comparative review of myocarditis in pediatrics versus adults: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Sex differences in mitochondrial gene expression during viral myocarditis.Biology of sex differences · 2024Article
- Sex and Age Characteristics in Acute or Chronic Myocarditis A Descriptive, Multicenter Cohort Study.JACC. Advances · 2024Article
- The inflammatory spectrum of cardiomyopathies.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2024Review
- Sex differences in mitochondrial gene expression during viral myocarditis.Research square · 2023Article
- Anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced myocarditis - real but, in general, rare and mild: A consensus statement from the Studies Committee of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology.Revista portuguesa de cardiologia : orgao oficial da Sociedade Portuguesa de Cardiologia = Portuguese journal of cardiology : an official journal of the Portuguese Society of Cardiology · 2023Review
- A viral-specific CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Sex and gender differences in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy: An update.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2023Review
- Testosterone Promotes the Intestinal Replication and Dissemination of Coxsackievirus B3 in an Oral Inoculation Mouse Model.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Review
- Novel Antiviral Activity of Ethyl 3-Hydroxyhexanoate Against Coxsackievirus B Infection.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Neutralization of interleukin-38 exacerbates coxsackievirus B3-induced acute myocarditis in mice.Virology journal · 2021Article
- Estrogenic bias in T-Lymphocyte biology: Implications for cardiovascular disease.Pharmacological research · 2021Review
- Sex differences in inflammation, redox biology, mitochondria and autoimmunity.Redox biology · 2020Review
- Dysregulated CD4+ T Cells and microRNAs in Myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Regulatory Role of CD4Journal of immunology research · 2018Review
- Age-Associated Changes in Estrogen Receptor Ratios Correlate with Increased Female Susceptibility to Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Transgenic female mice expressing the TNFalpha gene under the cardiac myosin promoter (TNF1.6) develop substantially increased myocarditis and increased numbers of CD4+Th1 (interferon gamma+) cells when infected with coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) during the diestrus and proestrus phases of the estrus cycle compared to females infected during the estrus and metestrus phases. Cardiac virus titers were increased in females infected in estrus compared to females infected during the other phases. T regulatory cells (CD4+CD25+FoxP3+) were increased in both peripheral blood and inflammatory cells in the heart in females infected during estrus. Exogenous administration of 200 ng/mouse 17-beta-estradiol to females protected against CVB3 induced myocarditis and increased CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ cells. These results demonstrate that hormonal fluctuations occurring in normally cycling females can determine T regulatory cell response and control virus-induced pathogenesis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.