ArticleExperimental neurology2008
Toll-like receptor-4 mediates neuronal apoptosis induced by amyloid beta-peptide and the membrane lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal.
Article in Experimental neurology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 117 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
117 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Toxicological Effects of Air Pollutants on Human Airway Cell Models Using Air-liquid Interface Systems: A Systematic Review.Current environmental health reports · 2025Pooled it
- Markers of microglia in post-mortem brain samples from patients with Alzheimer's disease: a systematic review.Molecular psychiatry · 2018Pooled it
- The Central Role of Neuronal Cell Death in Alzheimer's Disease Pathobiology.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Immune signaling and function in neurodegeneration.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2026Review
- Article
- Modulation of Aging Diseases via RAGE Targets: A Dietary Intervention Review.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- TLR4/NF-κB-Mediated Anti-Inflammatory and Cognitive Protective Actions ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Hippocampal GPR35 Participates in the Pathogenesis of Cognitive Deficits and Emotional Alterations Induced by AβMolecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Role of toll-like receptors in post-COVID-19 associated neurodegenerative disorders?Frontiers in medicine · 2025Review
- Inhibition of Protease-Activated Receptor-2 Activation in Parkinson's Disease Using 1-Piperidin Propionic Acid.Biomedicines · 2024Article
- Microglial Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Alzheimer's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Sophoricoside attenuates neuronal injury and altered cognitive function by regulating the LTR-4/NF-κB/PI3K signalling pathway in anaesthetic-exposed neonatal rats.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2024Article
- 6-Aminoflavone Activates Nrf2 to Inhibit the Phospho-JNK/TNF-α Signaling Pathway to Reduce Amyloid Burden in an Aging Mouse Model.ACS omega · 2023Article
- Emerging Targets for Modulation of Immune Response and Inflammation in Stroke.Neurochemical research · 2023Review
- Neuroprotective Effect of Stearidonic Acid on Amyloid β-Induced Neurotoxicity in Rat Hippocampal Cells.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Host immune responses in the central nervous system during fungal infections.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Apoptotic Pathways and Alzheimer's Disease: Probing Therapeutic Potential.Neurochemical research · 2021Review
- TLR-Mediated Signal Transduction and Neurodegenerative Disorders.Brain sciences · 2021Review
- Attenuation of the Induction of TLRs 2 and 4 Mitigates Inflammation and Promotes Neurological Recovery After Focal Cerebral Ischemia.Translational stroke research · 2021Article
- Adalimumab ameliorates memory impairments and neuroinflammation in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats.Aging · 2021Article
57 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
10 authors at 7 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The innate immune system senses the invasion of pathogenic microorganisms and tissue injury through Toll-like receptors (TLR), a mechanism thought to be limited to immune cells. We recently found that neurons express several TLRs, and that the levels of TLR2 and TLR4 are increased in neurons in response to energy deprivation. Here we report that TLR4 expression increases in neurons when exposed to amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta1-42) or the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE). Neuronal apoptosis triggered by Abeta and HNE was mediated by jun N-terminal kinase (JNK); neurons from TLR4 mutant mice exhibited reduced JNK and caspase-3 activation and were protected against apoptosis induced by Abeta and HNE. Levels of TLR4 were decreased in inferior parietal cortex tissue specimens from end-stage AD patients compared to aged-matched control subjects, possibly as the result of loss of neurons expressing TLR4. Our findings suggest that TLR4 signaling increases the vulnerability of neurons to Abeta and oxidative stress in AD, and identify TLR4 as a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.