ReviewAJNR. American journal of neuroradiology2008
MR imaging findings in hepatic encephalopathy.
Review in AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 127 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
127 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 351 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain Gray Matter Alterations in Hepatic Encephalopathy: A Voxel-Based Meta-Analysis of Whole-Brain Studies.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Grey and white matter abnormalities in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a study combining voxel-based morphometry and tract-based spatial statistics.European radiology · 2013Trial
- "Two birds talking" and "monkey face" Sign in hepatic encephalopathy.Acta neurologica Belgica · 2026Article
- Pycnogenol attenuates thioacetamide-induced neurobehavioral impairment and hepatotoxicity via multi-target molecular modulation.BMC pharmacology & toxicology · 2026Article
- Herpes Simplex Virus Encephalitis With Cerebellar Infarction and Cortical Laminar Necrosis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Autoimmune glial fibrillary acidic protein astrocytopathy mimicking acute ischemic stroke: a case report.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- The role of quantitative T1 and T2 mapping for detecting minimal hepatic encephalopathy in chronic hepatic schistosomiasis patients.PloS one · 2026Observational
- Brain Changes in Alcohol Induced Liver Cirrhosis Patients: Insights from Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Case Report: MRI Diagnosis of Wilson's Disease in a 3-Year-Old Dalmatian.Veterinary radiology & ultrasound : the official journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association · 2025Article
- Blood-brain barrier dysfunction in hepatic encephalopathy: pathophysiology, diagnostic assessment and therapeutic perspectives.Metabolic brain disease · 2025Review
- Brain magnetic resonance imaging findings in hyperammonemic hepatic encephalopathy: A case series and literature review.Biomedical reports · 2025Article
- Hepatic Encephalopathy: Current Thoughts on Pathophysiology and Management.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2025Review
- A Case of Hepatic Encephalopathy With Diffuse Brainstem Signal Changes on Magnetic Resonance Imaging.Cureus · 2025Article
- Chronic Manganese Neuro-Toxicity in a Patient With Cirrhosis and the Role of Iron-Deficiency Anaemia.Cureus · 2024Article
- A Rare Cause of Acquired Non-Wilsonian Hepato-Cerebral Degeneration in a Middle-Aged Woman.Cureus · 2024Article
- Histopathological examination of characteristic brain MRI findings in acute hyperammonemic encephalopathy: A case report and review of the literature.The neuroradiology journal · 2024Review
- Toxic Leukoencephalopathy due to Suspected Levamisole-adulterated Cocaine.Clinical neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Pattern Clustering of Symmetric Regional Cerebral Edema on Brain MRI in Patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy.Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology · 2024Article
- White matter microstructural disruption in minimal hepatic encephalopathy: a neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging (NODDI) study.Neuroradiology · 2023Article
- Intracerebral gadolinium deposition following blood-brain barrier disturbance in two different mouse models.Scientific reports · 2023Article
67 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The term hepatic encephalopathy (HE) includes a spectrum of neuropsychiatric abnormalities occurring in patients with liver dysfunction. Most cases are associated with cirrhosis and portal hypertension or portal-systemic shunts, but the condition can also be seen in patients with acute liver failure and, rarely, with portal-systemic bypass and no associated intrinsic hepatocellular disease. Although HE is a clinical condition, several neuroimaging techniques, particularly MR imaging, may eventually be useful for the diagnosis because they can identify and measure the consequences of central nervous system (CNS) increase in substances that under normal circumstances, are efficiently metabolized by the liver. Classic MR imaging abnormalities include high signal intensity in the globus pallidum on T1-weighted images, likely a reflection of increased tissue concentrations of manganese, and an elevated glutamine/glutamate peak coupled with decreased myo-inositol and choline signals on proton MR spectroscopy, representing disturbances in cell-volume homeostasis secondary to brain hyperammonemia. Recent data have shown that white matter abnormalities, also related to increased CNS ammonia concentration, can also be detected with several MR imaging techniques such as magnetization transfer ratio measurements, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences, and diffusion-weighted images. All these MR imaging abnormalities, which return to normal with restoration of liver function, probably reflect the presence of mild diffuse brain edema, which seems to play an essential role in the pathogenesis of HE. It is likely that MR imaging will be increasingly used to evaluate the mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of HE and to assess the effects of therapeutic measures focused on correcting brain edema in these patients.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.