ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2008
Expression and secretion of cathelicidin LL-37 in human epithelial cells after infection by Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- The dysregulation of innate immunity by Porphyromonas gingivalis in the etiology of Alzheimer's disease.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Review
- Dermofunctional Vehicle Downregulates LL-37 and MMPs and Upregulates IGFBP-3.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Unveiling the potential of antimicrobial peptides to combat Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Molecular Markers of Early Immune Response in Tuberculosis: Prospects of Application in Predictive Medicine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- CLEC5A is critical in Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced NET formation and acute lung injury.JCI insight · 2022Article
- Lung epithelial cells interact with immune cells and bacteria to shape the microenvironment in tuberculosis.Thorax · 2022Review
- MIR337-3p Enhances Mycobacterial Pathogenicity Involving TLR4/MYD88 and STAT3 Signals, Impairing VDR Antimicrobial Response and Fast-Acting Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Host Cathelicidin Exacerbates Group BmSphere · 2020Article
- Short-Term versus Long-Term Culture of A549 Cells for Evaluating the Effects of Lipopolysaccharide on Oxidative Stress, Surfactant Proteins and Cathelicidin LL-37.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Increased vitamin D receptor expression from macrophages after stimulation with M. tuberculosis among persons who have recovered from extrapulmonary tuberculosis.BMC infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Autophagy links antimicrobial activity with antigen presentation in Langerhans cells.JCI insight · 2019Article
- Differential Expression of Antimicrobial Peptides in Streptococcus pneumoniae Keratitis and STAT3-Dependent Expression of LL-37 by Streptococcus pneumoniae in Human Corneal Epithelial Cells.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2019Article
- IL-12+IL-18 Cosignaling in Human Macrophages and Lung Epithelial Cells Activates Cathelicidin and Autophagy, Inhibiting Intracellular Mycobacterial Growth.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2018Article
- New Players in Immunity to Tuberculosis: The Host Microbiome, Lung Epithelium, and Innate Immune Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Article
- Antimicrobial Activity of Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Current Status and New Perspectives of Antimicrobial Peptide-Based Therapies.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Review
- Article
- Nonspecific effects of neonatal and infant vaccination: public-health, immunological and conceptual challenges.Nature immunology · 2014Article
- Molecular analysis of non-specific protection against murine malaria induced by BCG vaccination.PloS one · 2013Article
- The role of airway epithelial cells in response to mycobacteria infection.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The antimicrobial cathelicidin LL-37 is considered to play an important role in the innate immune response to tuberculosis infection. However, little is known about the induction and secretion of this antimicrobial peptide in A549 epithelial cells after infection with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG), the world's most widely used tuberculosis vaccine. In this study, we investigated the effect of M. bovis BCG on LL-37 mRNA levels in A549 cells by real-time PCR and on protein levels by Western blotting. Treatment of cells with M. bovis BCG upregulates LL-37 mRNA expression in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The quantitative analysis of LL-37 gene expression correlated with our Western blotting results. Moreover, our results demonstrated that treatment of cells with the transcriptional inhibitor actinomycin D effectively inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner the ability of M. bovis BCG to induce LL-37 mRNA expression. Finally, inhibition of the MEK1/2 and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways reduced M. bovis BCG-mediated LL-37 mRNA expression, a reduction that correlated with the observed high level of downregulation of LL-37 protein induction. Thus, these results indicate that the MEK1/2 and p38 MAPK signaling pathways play a critical role in the regulation of inducible LL-37 gene expression in A549 cells infected with M. bovis BCG.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.