ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2008
Differential expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) and IL-4 delta 2 mRNA, but not transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, gamma interferon, T-bet, or GATA-3 mRNA, in patients with fast and slow responses to antituberculosis treatment.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 37 citations in OpenAlex.
- Biomarkers That Correlate with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis Treatment Response: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2022Pooled it
- Immunomodulatory Effects ofNutrients · 2025Article
- Characterisation of extracellular vesicles isolated from hydatid cyst fluid and evaluation of immunomodulatory effects on human monocytes.Journal of cellular and molecular medicine · 2023Article
- Changes of C-reactive protein and Procalcitonin after four weeks of treatment in patients with pulmonary TB.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2023Article
- Low transcriptomic of PTPRCv1 and CD3E is an independent predictor of mortality in HIV and tuberculosis co-infected patient.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Human Immunology of Tuberculosis.Microbiology spectrum · 2017Review
- Interleukin-6: a potent biomarker of mycobacterial infection.SpringerPlus · 2013Article
- Ethnic variation in inflammatory profile in tuberculosis.PLoS pathogens · 2013Article
- Regulation of inflammation by interleukin-4: a review of "alternatives".Journal of leukocyte biology · 2012Review
- Heparin-binding hemagglutinin induces IFN-γ(+) IL-2(+) IL-17(+) multifunctional CD4(+) T cells during latent but not active tuberculosis disease.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2012Article
- Increased (6 exon) interleukin-7 production after M. tuberculosis infection and soluble interleukin-7 receptor expression in lung tissue.Genes and immunity · 2011Article
- Phosphodiesterase-4 inhibition combined with isoniazid treatment of rabbits with pulmonary tuberculosis reduces macrophage activation and lung pathology.The American journal of pathology · 2011Article
- Update on tuberculosis: TB in the early 21st century.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2011Review
- Immunological biomarkers of tuberculosis.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2011Review
- Modulation of cell death by M. tuberculosis as a strategy for pathogen survival.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2011Article
- IP-10 detection in urine is associated with lung diseases.BMC infectious diseases · 2010Article
- The immunology of tuberculosis: from bench to bedside.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2010Review
- Monitoring therapeutic efficacy by real-time detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mRNA in sputum.Clinical chemistry · 2009Article
- T-cell mRNA expression in response to Mycobacterium bovis BCG vaccination and Mycobacterium bovis infection of white-tailed deer.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2009Article
- New diagnostic methods for tuberculosis.Current opinion in infectious diseases · 2009Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study investigated interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-4 delta 2, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, GATA-3, T-bet, and gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) transcription in peripheral blood samples of adult pulmonary tuberculosis patients prior to and after 1 week of therapy. Twenty patients with positive results for sputum culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis were enrolled and treated with directly observed short-course antituberculosis chemotherapy. Early treatment response was assessed. At the end of the intensive phase of treatment (month 2), 12 patients remained sputum culture positive (slow responders) and 8 converted to a negative culture (fast responders). Only the expression levels of IL-4 (4-fold decrease) and IL-4 delta 2 (32-fold increase) changed significantly during the first week of therapy in the 20 patients. No baseline differences were present between the responder groups, but fast responders had significantly higher IL-4 transcripts than slow responders at week 1. Fast responders showed a 19-fold upregulation and slow responders a 47-fold upregulation of IL-4 delta 2 at week 1. Only slow responders also showed a significant decrease in IL-4 expression at week 1. There were no significant differences in expression of TGF-beta, TGF-beta RII, Foxp3, IFN-gamma, and GATA-3 between the groups. These data show that differential IL-4-related gene expression in the early stage of antituberculosis treatment accompanies differential treatment responses and may hold promise as a marker for treatment effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.