ArticlePLoS biology2008
Immunoglobulin heavy chain exclusion in the shark.
Article in PLoS biology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Janus (dual) model of immunoglobulin isotype evolution: Conservation and plasticity are the defining paradigms.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- An Ancient MHC-Linked Gene Encodes a Nonrearranging Shark Antibody, UrIg, Convergent with IgG.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- Evolution of T cell receptor beta loci in salmonids.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Heavy chain-only antibody genes in fish evolved to generate unique CDR3 repertoire.European journal of immunology · 2022Article
- The immunoglobulins of cartilaginous fishes.Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021Review
- Nurse shark T-cell receptors employ somatic hypermutation preferentially to alter alpha/delta variable segments associated with alpha constant region.European journal of immunology · 2020Article
- A cold-blooded view of adaptive immunity.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2018Review
- Evidence for Ig Light Chain Isotype Exclusion in Shark B Lymphocytes Suggests Ordered Mechanisms.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2017Article
- Fish Immunoglobulins.Biology · 2016Review
- Assembly and Expression of Shark Ig Genes.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2016Review
- Biased Immunoglobulin Light Chain Gene Usage in the Shark.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2015Article
- Structural and genetic diversity in antibody repertoires from diverse species.Current opinion in structural biology · 2015Review
- Unique Features of Fish Immune Repertoires: Particularities of Adaptive Immunity Within the Largest Group of Vertebrates.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2015Review
- The immunoglobulins of cold-blooded vertebrates.Biomolecules · 2014Review
- B cell receptor accessory molecule CD79α: characterisation and expression analysis in a cartilaginous fish, the spiny dogfish (Squalus acanthias).Fish & shellfish immunology · 2013Article
- The astonishing diversity of Ig classes and B cell repertoires in teleost fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Article
- Recombination, transcription, and diversity of a partially germline-joined VH in a mammal.Immunogenetics · 2012Article
- Origin of immunoglobulin isotype switching.Current biology : CB · 2012Article
- The multiple shark Ig H chain genes rearrange and hypermutate autonomously.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2011Article
- Design principles of adaptive immune systems.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2011Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The adaptive immune system depends on specific antigen receptors, immunoglobulins (Ig) in B lymphocytes and T cell receptors (TCR) in T lymphocytes. Adaptive responses to immune challenge are based on the expression of a single species of antigen receptor per cell; and in B cells, this is mediated in part by allelic exclusion at the Ig heavy (H) chain locus. How allelic exclusion is regulated is unclear; we considered that sharks, the oldest vertebrates possessing the Ig/TCR-based immune system, would yield insights not previously approachable and reveal the primordial basis of the regulation of allelic exclusion. Sharks have an IgH locus organization consisting of 15-200 independently rearranging miniloci (VH-D1-D2-JH-Cmu), a gene organization that is considered ancestral to the tetrapod and bony fish IgH locus. We found that rearrangement takes place only within a minilocus, and the recombining gene segments are assembled simultaneously and randomly. Only one or few H chain genes were fully rearranged in each shark B cell, whereas the other loci retained their germline configuration. In contrast, most IgH were partially rearranged in every thymocyte (developing T cell) examined, but no IgH transcripts were detected. The distinction between B and T cells in their IgH configurations and transcription reveals a heretofore unsuspected chromatin state permissive for rearrangement in precursor lymphocytes, and suggests that controlled limitation of B cell lineage-specific factors mediate regulated rearrangement and allelic exclusion. This regulation may be shared by higher vertebrates in which additional mechanistic and regulatory elements have evolved with their structurally complex IgH locus.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.