ArticleBritish journal of pharmacology2008
Raloxifene protects endothelial cell function against oxidative stress.
Article in British journal of pharmacology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- The mechanism of vascular calcification - a systematic review.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2012Pooled it
- Accelerated cell aging in female APOE-ε4 carriers: implications for hormone therapy use.PloS one · 2013Trial
- Greater endogenous estrogen exposure is associated with longer telomeres in postmenopausal women at risk for cognitive decline.Brain research · 2011Trial
- Raloxifene relaxes the rat aorta via a mitochondria-dependent mechanism.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Pharmacotherapeutic considerations of selective estrogen receptor modulators for vascular protection.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Obesity-Senescence-Breast Cancer: Clinical Presentation of a Common Unfortunate Cycle.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Protective Effects of Estrogen on Cardiovascular Disease Mediated by Oxidative Stress.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2021Review
- Sex differences in abdominal aortic aneurysms.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2018Review
- Role of inducible nitric oxide synthase in endothelium-independent relaxation to raloxifene in rat aorta.British journal of pharmacology · 2017Article
- Raloxifene Ameliorates Liver Fibrosis of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis Induced by Choline-Deficient High-Fat Diet in Ovariectomized Mice.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2015Article
- The effects of tamoxifen on spatial and nonspatial learning and memory impairments induced by scopolamine and the brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized rats.Advanced biomedical research · 2015Article
- The effects of tamoxifen on learning, memory and brain tissues oxidative damage in ovariectomized and naïve female rats.Advanced biomedical research · 2014Article
- Salidroside stimulates mitochondrial biogenesis and protects against H₂O₂-induced endothelial dysfunction.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2014Article
- Tetramethylpyrazine Protects against Hydrogen Peroxide-Provoked Endothelial Dysfunction in Isolated Rat Aortic Rings: Implications for Antioxidant Therapy of Vascular Diseases.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2014Article
- Estrogen and estrogen receptors in cardiovascular oxidative stress.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2013Review
- Chronic cranberry juice consumption restores cholesterol profiles and improves endothelial function in ovariectomized rats.European journal of nutrition · 2013Article
- Adiponectin resistance and vascular dysfunction in the hyperlipidemic state.Acta pharmacologica Sinica · 2010Review
- Article
- Membrane-initiated actions of estrogen on the endothelium.Molecular and cellular endocrinology · 2009Review
- Endothelium in pharmacology: 30 years on.British journal of pharmacology · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
background and purposeMaintaining a delicate balance between the generation of nitric oxide (NO) and removal of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within the vascular wall is crucial to the physiological regulation of vascular tone. Increased production of ROS reduces the effect and/or bioavailability of NO, leading to an impaired endothelial function. This study tested the hypothesis that raloxifene, a selective oestrogen receptor modulator, can prevent endothelial dysfunction under oxidative stress. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Changes in isometric tension were measured in rat aortic rings. The content of cyclic GMP in aortic tissue was determined by radioimmunoassay. Phosphorylation of endothelial NOS (eNOS) and Akt was assayed by Western blot analysis. KEY
resultsIn rings with endothelium, ACh-induced relaxations were attenuated by a ROS-generating reaction (hypoxanthine plus xanthine oxidase, HXXO). The impaired relaxations were ameliorated by acute treatment with raloxifene. HXXO suppressed the ACh-stimulated increase in cyclic GMP levels; this effect was antagonized by raloxifene. The improved endothelial function by raloxifene was abolished by ICI 182,780, and by wortmannin or LY294002. Raloxifene also protected endothelial cell function against H2O2. Raloxifene increased the phosphorylation of eNOS at Ser-1177 and Akt at Ser-473; this effect was blocked by ICI 182,780. Finally, raloxifene was not directly involved in scavenging ROS, and neither inhibited the activity of xanthine oxidase nor stimulated that of superoxide dismutase. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS: Raloxifene is effective against oxidative stress-induced endothelial dysfunction in vitro through an ICI 182,780-sensitive mechanism that involves the increased phosphorylation and activity of Akt and eNOS in rat aortae.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.