ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2008
MLST of housekeeping genes captures geographic population structure and suggests a European origin of Borrelia burgdorferi.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 176 papers.
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176 citing papers in PubMed, 332 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Genetic Diversity of Siberian Isolates ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Genomic characterization of clinical Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato isolates in the Netherlands over a thirty-year period.BMC genomics · 2025Article
- The First Study ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Genetic landscape of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto in Canada: a study of genetic diversity.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Comparative Genomics of Two Newly Sequenced Rodent-Derived and One Previously Reported Tick-DerivedPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Influence of tick age and land-use on Borrelia burgdorferi s.l. in Ixodes ricinus ticks from the Swabian Alb, Germany.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Borrelia surface proteins: new horizons in Lyme disease diagnosis.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Investigation of erythema migrans patients identifies Borrelia species and Neoehrlichia mikurensis with implications for clinical assessment.Scientific reports · 2025Observational
- TICKHUNTER: A Targeted Hybridization-Capture Sequencing Approach for the Detection and Characterization of Tick-borne Pathogens and Blood Meals.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Molecular Typing of Tick-Borne Pathogens in Ixodids of Bosnia and Herzegovina.Microorganisms · 2025Article
116 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
17 authors at 9 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Lyme borreliosis, caused by the tick-borne bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi, has become the most common vector-borne disease in North America over the last three decades. To understand the dynamics of the epizootic spread and to predict the evolutionary trajectories of B. burgdorferi, accurate information on the population structure and the evolutionary relationships of the pathogen is crucial. We, therefore, developed a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for B. burgdorferi based on eight chromosomal housekeeping genes. We validated the MLST scheme on B. burgdorferi specimens from North America and Europe, comprising both cultured isolates and infected ticks. These data were compared with sequences for the commonly used genetic markers rrs-rrlA intergenic spacer (IGS) and the gene encoding the outer surface protein C (ospC). The study demonstrates that the concatenated sequences of the housekeeping genes of B. burgdorferi provide highly resolved phylogenetic signals and that the housekeeping genes evolve differently compared with the IGS locus and ospC. Using sequence data, the study reveals that North American and European populations of B. burgdorferi correspond to genetically distinct populations. Importantly, the MLST data suggest that B. burgdorferi originated in Europe rather than in North America as proposed previously.
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