Evidence map›Paper›PMID 18570659›Full record

ArticleInternational journal of health geographics2008

Seasonality of cholera from 1974 to 2005: a review of global patterns.

Michael Emch, Caryl Feldacker, M Sirajul Islam, Mohammad Ali

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in International journal of health geographics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
45citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

45 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
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  5. Light-activated cAMP signaling controls sodium-driven motility inProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
    Article
  6. Article
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  8. Cholera Dynamics and the Emergence of Pandemic Vibrio cholerae.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2023
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
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  12. Observational
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  18. Climate change and health in Iran: a narrative review.Journal of environmental health science & engineering · 2020
    Review
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Michael EmchDepartment of Geography, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, USA. emch@email.unc.edu
Caryl Feldacker
M Sirajul Islam
Mohammad Ali

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe seasonality of cholera is described in various study areas throughout the world. However, no study examines how temporal cycles of the disease vary around the world or reviews its hypothesized causes. This paper reviews the literature on the seasonality of cholera and describes its temporal cycles by compiling and analyzing 32 years of global cholera data. This paper also provides a detailed literature review on regional patterns and environmental and climatic drivers of cholera patterns. DATA, METHODS, AND

resultsCholera data are compiled from 1974 to 2005 from the World Health Organization Weekly Epidemiological Reports, a database that includes all reported cholera cases in 140 countries. The data are analyzed to measure whether season, latitude, and their interaction are significantly associated with the country-level number of outbreaks in each of the 12 preceding months using separate negative binomial regression models for northern, southern, and combined hemispheres. Likelihood ratios tests are used to determine the model of best fit. The results suggest that cholera outbreaks demonstrate seasonal patterns in higher absolute latitudes, but closer to the equator, cholera outbreaks do not follow a clear seasonal pattern.

conclusionThe findings suggest that environmental and climatic factors partially control the temporal variability of cholera. These results also indirectly contribute to the growing debate about the effects of climate change and global warming. As climate change threatens to increase global temperature, resulting rises in sea levels and temperatures may influence the temporal fluctuations of cholera, potentially increasing the frequency and duration of cholera outbreaks.

Indexed as

SeasonsAfricaAsia, SoutheasternCholeraDatabases as TopicDisease OutbreaksGlobal HealthHumansMiddle East

Identifiers

PMID18570659
PMCPMC2467415

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.