SynthesisApplied neuropsychology2008
FAS and CFL forms of verbal fluency differ in difficulty: a meta-analytic study.
Synthesis in Applied neuropsychology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 29 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
29 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Systematic Review of Normative Data for Verbal Fluency Test in Different Languages.Neuropsychology review · 2023Pooled it
- Impact of HIV-associated cognitive impairment on functional independence, frailty and quality of life in the modern era: a meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Pooled it
- A coordinate-based ALE functional MRI meta-analysis of brain activation during verbal fluency tasks in healthy control subjects.BMC neuroscience · 2014Pooled it
- Meta-analysis of Controlled Oral Word Association Test (COWAT) FAS performance in amnestic mild cognitive impairment and cognitively unimpaired older adults.Applied neuropsychology. AdultPooled it
- Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in children with post-concussion syndrome improves cognitive and behavioral function: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- Cognitive enhancement of healthy older adults using hyperbaric oxygen: a randomized controlled trial.Aging · 2020Trial
- Adjunctive raloxifene treatment improves attention and memory in men and women with schizophrenia.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Trial
- Guanfacine enhances inhibitory control and attentional shifting in early abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals.Journal of psychopharmacology (Oxford, England) · 2015Trial
- Effects on cognition of regional astrogliosis assessed byResearch square · 2026Article
- Psychometric evaluation of California Verbal Learning Test second edition short form (CVLT-II SF) score validity in American Indian adults: The Strong Heart Study.Neuropsychology · 2026Article
- Article
- The Role of Verbal Fluency as a Variable in Reading and Comprehension Skills in Bengali.Journal of psycholinguistic research · 2024Article
- The Effect of Cumulative Lifetime Estrogen Exposure on Cognition in Depressed Versus Non-Depressed Older Women.Journal of geriatric psychiatry and neurology · 2022Article
- The Karolinska NeuroCOVID study protocol: Neurocognitive impairment, biomarkers and advanced imaging in critical care survivors.Acta anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · 2022Article
- Adults Who Stutter Show Diminished Word Fluency, Regardless of Mode.Journal of speech, language, and hearing research : JSLHR · 2022Article
- Neural Correlates of Letter and Semantic Fluency in Primary Progressive Aphasia.Brain sciences · 2021Article
- Women who breastfeed exhibit cognitive benefits after age 50.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Article
- Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Is Altered in Vascular Cognitive Impairment-No Dementia and Is a Potential Marker for Verbal Memory Performance.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2021Article
- No evidence for amyloid pathology as a key mediator of neurodegeneration post-stroke - a seven-year follow-up study.BMC neurology · 2020Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The Controlled Oral Word Association (COWA) Test is a brief and sensitive measure of executive cognitive dysfunction. There are two commonly used forms of the test, one using the letters F, A, and S, and the other using C, F, and L. This study examines the relative difficulty of the two forms using a meta-analytic approach that includes multiple samples of normal individuals. The effects of age, education, gender composition, exclusion criteria, and age of study are also examined. Results indicate that the CFL form of the test is more difficult and that age, education, and the use of strict exclusion criteria influence performance. Performance is more variable for the FAS form, and age and age of study influence performance variability.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.