ArticleNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment2005
The history of barbiturates a century after their clinical introduction.
Article in Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment, 2005. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 228 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Spirobarbiturates with a pyrrolizidine moiety: synthesis, structure and biological evaluation.Beilstein journal of organic chemistry · 2026Article
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- Mortality in patients with schizophrenia in Japan.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Article
- Effect of Phenobarbital-Based Alcohol Withdrawal Protocol on Provider Practice and Patient Outcomes-A Quality Improvement Study.Hospital pharmacy · 2024Article
- Monitoring illicit pentobarbital availability in the United States: A National Drug Early Warning System briefing.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Understanding pregabalin misuse and dependence: Insights from a North Indian addiction treatment center.Indian journal of psychiatry · 2024Article
- "A new order of poisonous substances": revisiting Robert M. Glover's dissertation on the physiological effects of bromine, chlorine, and iodine compounds.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2024Article
- Synthesis, molecular docking and DFT analysis of novel bis-Schiff base derivatives with thiobarbituric acid for α-glucosidase inhibition assessment.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Molecular properties prediction, anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities of some pyrimido[1,2-b]pyridazin-2-one derivatives.BioImpacts : BI · 2024Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The present work offers an analysis of the historical development of the discovery and use of barbiturates in the field of psychiatry and neurology, a century after their clinical introduction. Beginning with the synthesis of malonylurea by von Baeyer in 1864, and up to the decline of barbiturate therapy in the 1960s, it describes the discovery of the sedative properties of barbital, by von Mering and Fischer (1903), the subsequent synthesis of phenobarbital by this same group (1911), and the gradual clinical incorporation of different barbiturates (butobarbital, amobarbital, secobarbital, pentobarbital, thiopental, etc). We describe the role played in therapy by barbiturates throughout their history: their traditional use as sedative and hypnotic agents, their use with schizophrenic patients in so-called "sleep cures" (Klaesi, Cloetta), the discovery of the antiepileptic properties of phenobarbital (Hauptmann) and their use in the treatment of epilepsy, and the introduction of thiobarbiturates in intravenous anesthesia (Lundy, Waters). We also analyze, from the historical perspective, the problems of safety (phenomena of dependence and death by overdose) which, accompanied by the introduction of a range of psychoactive drugs in the 1950s, brought an end to barbiturate use, except in specific applications, such as the induction of anesthesia and the treatment of certain types of epileptic crisis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
18568113PMC2424120W1697749966What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.