ArticleImmunogenetics2008
Comprehensive clarification of two paralogous interleukin 4/13 loci in teleost fish.
Article in Immunogenetics, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers.
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38 citing papers in PubMed, 130 citations in OpenAlex.
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- Article
- Zebrafish IL-4-like Cytokines and IL-10 Suppress Inflammation but Only IL-10 Is Essential for Gill Homeostasis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2020Article
- Ancient Cytokine Interleukin 15-Like (IL-15L) Induces a Type 2 Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Specific function and modulation of teleost monocytes/macrophages: polarization and phagocytosis.Zoological research · 2019Review
- CD4: a vital player in the teleost fish immune system.Veterinary research · 2019Review
- Mechanisms of Fish Macrophage Antimicrobial Immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Behavioral Fever Drives Epigenetic Modulation of the Immune Response in Fish.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Evolution of Th2 responses: characterization of IL-4/13 in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L.) and studies of expression and biological activity.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Evolutionary Aspects of Macrophages Polarization.Results and problems in cell differentiation · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interleukins 4 and 13 (IL-4 and IL-13) are related cytokines important for Th2 immune responses and encoded by adjacent genes on human chromosome 5. Efforts were made previously to detect these genes in fish, but research was hampered by a lack of sequence conservation. A Tetraodon nigrovirides (green spotted pufferfish) gene was annotated as IL-4 by Li et al. (Mol Immunol, 44:2078-2086, 2007), but this annotation was not well substantiated. However, the present study concludes that the reported pufferfish gene belongs to the IL-4/13 lineage indeed, while also describing an additional IL-4/13 copy in a paralogous genomic region. Our analyses of IL-4/13 loci in fish describe (1) genomic region history, (2) characteristic intron-exon organization, (3) deduced IL-4/13 molecules for several teleost fish species, (4) IL-4/13 lineage-specific protein motifs including a cysteine pair (pair 1), and (5) computer software predictions of a type I cytokine fold. Teleost IL-4/13 molecules have an additional cysteine pair (pair 2) or remnants thereof, which is absent in mammalian IL-4 and IL-13. We were unable to determine if the teleost IL-4/13 genes are orthologous to either IL-4 or IL-13, or if these mammalian genes separated later in evolution.
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