Trial reportPloS one2008
Risk compensation is not associated with male circumcision in Kisumu, Kenya: a multi-faceted assessment of men enrolled in a randomized controlled trial.
Trial report in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Impact of male circumcision on risk of HIV infection in men in a changing epidemic context - systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2020Pooled it
- Randomized controlled trials of interventions to prevent sexually transmitted infections: learning from the past to plan for the future.Epidemiologic reviews · 2010Pooled it
- Safety and efficacy of nontherapeutic male circumcision: a systematic review.Annals of family medicinePooled it
- Use of Varied Screening Risk Criteria and HIV Incidence in Phase 1 and 2 HIV Vaccine Trials in South Africa.AIDS and behavior · 2023Trial
- Assessment of risk compensation following use of the dapivirine vaginal ring in southwestern Uganda.Sexually transmitted infections · 2022Trial
- Evaluation of Sexual Risk Behavior Among Study Participants in the TDF2 PrEP Study Among Heterosexual Adults in Botswana.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2016Trial
- Trial
- The effectiveness of male circumcision for HIV prevention and effects on risk behaviors in a posttrial follow-up study.AIDS (London, England) · 2012Trial
- Prevalence and risk factors of sexually transmitted infections in the setting of a generalized HIV epidemic-a population-based study, western Kenya.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2024Article
- A review of public health, social and ethical implications of voluntary medical male circumcision programs for HIV prevention in sub-Saharan Africa.International journal of impotence research · 2023Review
- Does Incident Circumcision Lead to Risk Compensation? Evidence From a Population Cohort in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Article
- Male circumcision for HIV prevention: Awareness, risk compensation, and risk perceptions among South African women.Global public health · 2018Article
- Sexual risk behaviors following circumcision among HIV-positive men in Rakai, Uganda.AIDS care · 2018Article
- The Association Between Male Circumcision and Condom Use Behavior - a Meta-Analysis.Materia socio-medica · 2018Article
- Risk Compensation Following Medical Male Circumcision: Results from a 1-Year Prospective Cohort Study of Young School-Going Men in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.International journal of behavioral medicine · 2018Article
- Canadian Urological Association guideline on the care of the normal foreskin and neonatal circumcision in Canadian infants (full version).Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l'Association des urologues du Canada · 2018Article
- Are circumcised men safer sex partners? Findings from the HAALSI cohort in rural South Africa.PloS one · 2018Article
- Changes in Male Circumcision Prevalence and Risk Compensation in the Kisumu, Kenya Population, 2008-2013.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2017Article
- Is traditional male circumcision effective as an HIV prevention strategy? Evidence from Lesotho.PloS one · 2017Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThree randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have confirmed that male circumcision (MC) significantly reduces acquisition of HIV-1 infection among men. The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive, prospective evaluation of risk compensation, comparing circumcised versus uncircumcised controls in a sample of RCT participants. METHODS AND
findingsBetween March 2004 and September 2005, we systematically recruited men enrolled in a RCT of MC in Kenya. Detailed sexual histories were taken using a modified Timeline Followback approach at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Participants provided permission to obtain circumcision status and laboratory results from the RCT. We evaluated circumcised and uncircumcised men's sexual behavior using an 18-item risk propensity score and acquisition of incident infections of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis. Of 1780 eligible RCT participants, 1319 enrolled (response rate = 74%). At the baseline RCT visit, men who enrolled in the sub-study reported the same sexual behaviors as men who did not. We found a significant reduction in sexual risk behavior among both circumcised and uncircumcised men from baseline to 6 (p<0.01) and 12 (p = 0.05) months post-enrollment. Longitudinal analyses indicated no statistically significant differences between sexual risk propensity scores or in incident infections of gonorrhea, chlamydia, and trichomoniasis between circumcised and uncircumcised men. These results are based on the most comprehensive analysis of risk compensation yet done.
conclusionIn the context of a RCT, circumcision did not result in increased HIV risk behavior. Continued monitoring and evaluation of risk compensation associated with circumcision is needed as evidence supporting its' efficacy is disseminated and MC is widely promoted for HIV prevention.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.