ArticlePloS one2008
Associations between Burkitt lymphoma among children in Malawi and infection with HIV, EBV and malaria: results from a case-control study.
Article in PloS one, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 136 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mosquito Bed Net Use and Burkitt Lymphoma Incidence in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2024Pooled it
- Malaria Infection and Risk for Endemic Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Pooled it
- Seroprevalence of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 amongst mothers and children in Malawi within the context of a systematic review and meta-analysis of HTLV seroprevalence in Africa.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2016Pooled it
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Burkitt Lymphoma-A Guide to Biological Features, Diagnosis and Differential Diagnosis.Cancers · 2026Review
- Molecular mechanisms of Epstein-Barr Virus in the pathogenesis of lymphomas and new opportunities for precision medicine.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Application of an obstetric comorbidity index to predict childhood cancer risk: a population based case-control study in Denmark.British journal of cancer · 2025Article
- Article
- Effect of Malaria Infection on Epstein-Barr Virus Persistence in Kenyan Children.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Sickle cell allele HBB-rs334(T) is associated with decreased risk of childhood Burkitt lymphoma in East Africa.American journal of hematology · 2024Article
- Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) antibody changes over time in a general population cohort in rural Uganda, 1992-2008.Infectious agents and cancer · 2023Article
- Journal of interferon & cytokine research : the official journal of the International Society for Interferon and Cytokine Research · 2023Article
- Worldwide Prevalence of Epstein-Barr Virus in Patients with Burkitt Lymphoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Burkitt lymphoma risk shows geographic and temporal associations withProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Mapping evidence on the risk factors associated with pediatric cancers in sub-Saharan Africa: a scoping review.Systematic reviews · 2022Article
- Epstein-Barr Virus in Burkitt Lymphoma in Africa Reveals a Limited Set of Whole Genome andFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Reframing Burkitt lymphoma: virology not epidemiology defines clinical variants.Annals of lymphoma · 2021Article
- Effects of infections on the pathogenesis of cancer.The Indian journal of medical research · 2021Review
- Malaria and risk of lymphoid neoplasms and other cancer: a nationwide population-based cohort study.BMC medicine · 2020Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
14 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBurkitt lymphoma, a childhood cancer common in parts of sub-Saharan Africa, has been associated with Epstein Barr Virus (EBV) and malaria, but its association with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not clear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsWe conducted a case-control study of Burkitt lymphoma among children (aged < or = 15 years) admitted to the pediatric oncology unit in Blantyre, Malawi between July 2005 and July 2006. Cases were 148 children diagnosed with Burkitt lymphoma and controls were 104 children admitted with non-malignant conditions or cancers other than hematological malignancies and Kaposi sarcoma. Interviews were conducted and serological samples tested for antibodies against HIV, EBV and malaria. Odds ratios for Burkitt lymphoma were estimated using unconditional logistic regression adjusting for sex, age, and residential district. Cases had a mean age of 7.1 years and 60% were male. Cases were more likely than controls to be HIV positive (Odds ratio (OR)) = 12.4, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) 1.3 to 116.2, p = 0.03). ORs for Burkitt lymphoma increased with increasing antibody titers against EBV (p = 0.001) and malaria (p = 0.01). Among HIV negative participants, cases were thirteen times more likely than controls to have raised levels of both EBV and malaria antibodies (OR = 13.2; 95% CI 3.8 to 46.6; p = 0.001). Reported use of mosquito nets was associated with a lower risk of Burkitt lymphoma (OR = 0.2, 95% CI, 0.03 to 0.9, p = 0.04).
conclusionsOur findings support prior evidence that EBV and malaria act jointly in the pathogenesis of Burkitt lymphoma, suggesting that malaria prevention may decrease the risk of Burkitt lymphoma. HIV may also play a role in the etiology of this childhood tumor.
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