ArticleInfection and immunity2008
Pneumolysin released during Streptococcus pneumoniae autolysis is a potent activator of intracellular oxygen radical production in neutrophils.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
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Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Extracellular pneumolysin enhances the activation of cytosolic pattern-recognition receptor NOD2 through its pore-forming activity.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- eDNA-Amyloid Synergistic Interactions in Bacterial Biofilms: A Hidden Driver of Antimicrobial Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Redox Regulation of Microvascular Physiology and Pathophysiology: Insights into Therapeutic Strategies and Limitations.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2025Review
- Defence Warriors: Exploring the crosstalk between polyamines and oxidative stress during microbial pathogenesis.Redox biology · 2025Review
- Structure, Function, and Regulation of LytA: TheMicroorganisms · 2025Review
- Endothelial ENaC-α Restrains Oxidative Stress in Lung Capillaries in Murine Pneumococcal Pneumonia-associated Acute Lung Injury.American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2025Article
- Endothelial ENaC as a repressor of oxidative stress and a guardian of lung capillary barrier function in bacterial and viral pneumonia.Frontiers in physiology · 2025Review
- Bacterial pore-forming toxin pneumolysin drives pathogenicity through host extracellular vesicles released during infection.iScience · 2024Article
- IntracellularFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Regulation and Functionality of a Holin/Endolysin Pair Involved in Killing of Galleria mellonella and Caenorhabditis elegans by Yersinia enterocolitica.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Acute organ injury and long-term sequelae of severe pneumococcal infections.Pneumonia (Nathan Qld.) · 2023Review
- Host Cell Oxidative Stress Promotes Intracellular Fluoroquinolone Persisters of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Mitochondrial ROS production by neutrophils is required for host antimicrobial function against Streptococcus pneumoniae and is controlled by A2B adenosine receptor signaling.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Pneumococcal Phasevarions Control Multiple Virulence Traits, Including Vaccine Candidate Expression.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Triosephosphate isomerase of Streptococcus pneumoniae is released extracellularly by autolysis and binds to host plasminogen to promote its activation.FEBS open bio · 2022Article
- The Age-Driven Decline in Neutrophil Function Contributes to the Reduced Efficacy of the Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Old Hosts.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Article
- The Yin and Yang of Pneumolysin During Pneumococcal Infection.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Neutrophil-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Activate Platelets after Pneumolysin Exposure.Cells · 2021Article
- Rapid identification of pathogens associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia by Nanopore sequencing.Respiratory research · 2021Article
- Comparison of specific in-vitro virulence gene expression and innate host response in locally invasive vs colonizer strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2021Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of otitis media, pneumonia, meningitis, and septicemia in humans. The host defense against this pathogen largely depends on bacterial killing by neutrophils. A peculiar property of pneumococci is their tendency to undergo autolysis, i.e., autoinduced disruption of the bacterial cell wall mediated by activation of the enzyme LytA, under stationary growth conditions. LytA is a virulence factor, but the molecular background for this has not been fully clarified. Here we examine how bacterial compounds released upon autolysis affect the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neutrophils. We found that the S. pneumoniae strains A17 and D39 induced activation of the NADPH oxidase and the production of ROS in human neutrophils and that this activation was blocked when LytA was inactivated. The ROS-inducing bacterial substance released from autolyzed bacteria was identified as the cytoplasmic toxin pneumolysin. Further screening of clinical pneumococcal strains of various sero- and genotypes revealed that selected strains expressing toxins with reduced pneumolysin-dependent hemolytic activity had decreased abilities to induce ROS in neutrophils. Furthermore, a mutated form of purified pneumolysin lacking hemolytic and complement binding functions (PdT) did not induce any oxygen radical production. The ROS produced in response to pneumolysin formed mainly intracellularly, which may explain why this production was not detected previously. ROS released intracellularly may function as signaling molecules, modifying the function of neutrophils in bacterial defense.
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