SynthesisDrug safety2008
Ethnic differences in the risks of adverse reactions to drugs used in the treatment of psychoses and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Drug safety, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring Biologic Predictors Response Disparities to Atypical Antipsychotics among Blacks: A Quasi-Systematic Review.Ethnicity & disease · 2020Pooled it
- Medication-Induced Akathisia with Newly Approved Antipsychotics in Patients with a Severe Mental Illness: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.CNS drugs · 2019Pooled it
- The impact of self-identified race on epidemiologic studies of gene expression.Genetic epidemiology · 2011Trial
- Racial and Ethnic Representation in Dementia Clinical Trials Registered on ClinicalTrials.gov in the United States, United Kingdom, and Canada.International journal of geriatric psychiatry · 2026Article
- Trends in recorded deaths involving antipsychotics: The role of deprivation, ethnicity, and regional disparities.PloS one · 2026Article
- Advancing paroxetine treatment in depression: predicting remission and plasma concentration, and validating and updating therapeutic reference ranges.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Detailing Healthcare Claims Data Evidence of Extrapyramidal Symptoms in Medicaid Patients with Schizophrenia after Second-Generation Antipsychotic Medication Initiation.Community mental health journal · 2025Article
- Factors associated with severe adverse events following COVID-19 vaccine: a multicenter study in the Casablanca-Settat region of Morocco.The Pan African medical journal · 2025Article
- Antipsychotic Polypharmacy: A Dirty Little Secret or a Fashion?The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2020Review
- Physical Health Outcomes in Preschoolers with Prior Authorization for Antipsychotics.Journal of child and adolescent psychopharmacology · 2017Article
- Drug-induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale (DIEPSS) Serbian Language version: Inter-rater and Test-retest Reliability.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- A culturally competent education program to increase understanding about medicines among ethnic minorities.International journal of clinical pharmacy · 2014Article
- Do we need to consider ethno-cultural variation in the use of atypical antipsychotics for Asian patients with major depressive disorder?CNS drugs · 2013Review
- A consensus statement for safety monitoring guidelines of treatments for major depressive disorder.The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry · 2011Review
- Impact of race on efficacy and safety during treatment with olanzapine in schizophrenia, schizophreniform or schizoaffective disorder.BMC psychiatry · 2010Article
- Slovenian Version of the Drug-Induced Extrapyramidal Symptoms Scale: Evaluation of Interrater and Test-Retest Reliability.Journal of clinical psychopharmacologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundFactors such as age, sex and disease state alter a patient's susceptibility to adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Ethnicity may also alter the risk of an ADR.
objectiveTo review the evidence for ethnic differences in susceptibility to adverse reactions to drugs used to treat psychoses and depression. DATA SOURCES: We searched MEDLINE (from 1951), EMBASE (from 1974), and PsycINFO (from 1950) to March 2006. STUDY SELECTION: Studies were included if there was a mention of ethnicity, ethnic or racial groups and a description of a procedure to investigate ADRs specifically or a description of ADRs that were a result of drugs in therapeutic use. Studies selected by any two reviewers were retained if they referred to drugs used in the treatment of psychoses and related disorders or antidepressant drugs. Of 124 studies describing ADRs to antipsychotics or antidepressants, 51 reported data from different ethnic groups. DATA EXTRACTION: Data were extracted independently from those studies selected for inclusion by two reviewers, using a standard data extraction form. Studies were assessed for bias in order to determine the quality of the study. DATA SYNTHESIS: In a pooled analysis of patients treated with antipsychotics, the relative risk (RR) of tardive dyskinesia in Black compared with White patients was 1.03 (95% CI 0.85, 1.24); the RR of extrapyramidal symptoms in East Asian compared with non-East Asian patients was 1.38 (95% CI 1.11, 1.72); the RR of hyperglycaemia in Black compared with non-Black patients was 1.55 (95% CI 0.95, 2.53); and the RR of diabetes mellitus in non-White compared with White patients was 1.35 (95% CI 0.95, 1.92). It was impossible to perform pooled analysis of data from studies investigating antidepressants due to insufficient data.
conclusionsWe found limited evidence of ethnic differences in the risk of ADRs. The clinical implications of these results remain unclear because of confounding factors. Further progress will require improved recruitment of patients from different ethnic groups and an established consensus on how to define ethnicity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.