ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2008
Evolution of the hyaluronic acid synthesis (has) operon in Streptococcus zooepidemicus and other pathogenic streptococci.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers.
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Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 83 citations in OpenAlex.
- Tailored molecular weight hyaluronic acid production by engineered Lactococcus lactis.Microbial cell factories · 2026Article
- Lack of Glutamate Synthase inIndian journal of clinical biochemistry : IJCB · 2025Article
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- CRISPRi-assisted metabolic engineering of cyanobacteria for photosynthetic hyaluronic acid from COJournal of biological engineering · 2025Article
- Characterization of AI-2/LuxS quorum sensing system in biofilm formation, pathogenesis ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Endogenous Type I-C CRISPR-Cas system ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2024Article
- Real-time metabolic heat-based specific growth rate soft sensor for monitoring and control of high molecular weight hyaluronic acid production by Streptococcus zooepidemicus.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2022Article
- Prospective bacterial and fungal sources of hyaluronic acid: A review.Computational and structural biotechnology journal · 2022Review
- Deciphering the role of dissolved oxygen and N-acetyl glucosamine in governing higher molecular weight hyaluronic acid synthesis in Streptococcus zooepidemicus cell factory.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Article
- Key Factors for A One-Pot Enzyme Cascade Synthesis of High Molecular Weight Hyaluronic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2019Article
- UDP-glucose Dehydrogenase: The First-step Oxidation Is an NADInternational journal of biological sciences · 2019Article
- Enhanced hyluronic acid production inBiotechnology reports (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2017Article
- Genetic basis for hyper production of hyaluronic acid in natural and engineered microorganisms.Microbial cell factories · 2016Review
- Biotechnological production of hyaluronic acid: a mini review.3 Biotech · 2016Review
- Rapid Lymphatic Dissemination of Encapsulated Group A Streptococci via Lymphatic Vessel Endothelial Receptor-1 Interaction.PLoS pathogens · 2015Article
- Heterologous Production of Hyaluronic Acid in an ε-Poly-L-Lysine Producer, Streptomyces albulus.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Constructing a recombinant hyaluronic acid biosynthesis operon and producing food-grade hyaluronic acid in Lactococcus lactis.Journal of industrial microbiology & biotechnology · 2015Article
- Masquerading microbial pathogens: capsular polysaccharides mimic host-tissue molecules.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2014Review
- The role of hyaluronic acid precursor concentrations in molecular weight control in Streptococcus zooepidemicus.Molecular biotechnology · 2014Article
- Production of hyaluronic acid by mutant strains of group C Streptococcus.Molecular biotechnology · 2013Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a ubiquitous linear polysaccharide in vertebrates and also is the capsule material of some pathogenic bacteria including group A and C streptococci. In bacteria, the HA synthase occurs in an operon (has) coding for enzymes involved in the production of HA precursors. We report two new members of the has operon family from Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus (S. zooepidemicus) and Streptococcus equi subsp. equi (S. equi). The has operon of S. zooepidemicus contains, in order, hasA, hasB, hasC, glum, and pgi, whereas these genes are separated on two operons in S. equi (hasA, hasB, hasC and hasC, glmU, pgi). The transcription start site and a sigma(70) promoter were experimentally identified 50 bp upstream of hasA in S. zooepidemicus. We performed a phylogenetic analysis of each of the has operon genes to determine the evolutionary origin(s) of the streptococcal has operon. In contrast to other capsular and exopolysaccharide operons, has operons have undergone no detectable interspecies lateral gene transfers in their construction, instead relying on intragenome gene duplication for their assembly. Specifically, hasC and glmU appear to have been duplicated into the S. zooepidemicus has operon from remotely located but near-identical paralogues most likely to improve HA productivity by gene dosage in this streptococcus. The intragene rearrangements appear to be ongoing events and the two has operons of the S. equi subspecies represent two alternatives of the same gene arrangement. A scenario for the evolution of streptococcal has operons is proposed.
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