ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2008
Antigen-induced immunomodulation in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 60 citations in OpenAlex.
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Monocytes/Macrophages and Atherogenesis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Targeted and safe delivery of colchicine via polymeric nanocarriers for potential atherosclerosis therapy with in vitro and in vivo evaluation.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Unravelling the Mechanisms of Oxidised Low-Density Lipoprotein in Cardiovascular Health: Current Evidence from In Vitro and In Vivo Studies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The Evolving Role of Dendritic Cells in Atherosclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Circulating T Cells and Cardiovascular Risk in People With and Without HIV Infection.Journal of the American College of Cardiology · 2022Article
- MOVAS Cells: A Versatile Cell Line for Studying Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cholesterol Metabolism.Lipids · 2021Article
- Article
- Roles of Macrophages in Atherogenesis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Review
- Patients with Coronary Artery Disease Have Lower Levels of Antibody to Heat-Stressed Fibroblast Derived Proteins, versus Normal Subjects.Cardiovascular therapeutics · 2021Article
- The Role of T Cells Reactive to the Cathelicidin Antimicrobial Peptide LL-37 in Acute Coronary Syndrome and Plaque Calcification.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Article
- Yangyin Qingre Huoxue Method in Traditional Chinese Medicine Ameliorates Atherosclerosis in ApoEEvidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2019Article
- Getting to the Heart of the Matter: The Role of Regulatory T-Cells (Tregs) in Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) and Atherosclerosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2019Review
- Inflammation: A Novel Therapeutic Target/Direction in Atherosclerosis.Current pharmaceutical design · 2017Review
- N-acetylcysteine inhibits in vivo oxidation of native low-density lipoprotein.Scientific reports · 2015Article
- Helicobacter pylori vs coronary heart disease - searching for connections.World journal of cardiology · 2015Article
- Unique antibody responses to malondialdehyde-acetaldehyde (MAA)-protein adducts predict coronary artery disease.PloS one · 2014Article
- Phenotypic alterations in human saphenous vein culture induced by tumor necrosis factor-alpha and lipoproteins: a preliminary development of an initial atherosclerotic plaque model.Lipids in health and disease · 2013Article
- Bacterial urease and its role in long-lasting human diseases.Current protein & peptide science · 2012Review
- A Systematic Literature Review of the Association of Lipoprotein(a) and Autoimmune Diseases and Atherosclerosis.International journal of rheumatology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder characterised by the accumulation of monocytes/macrophages, smooth muscle cells, and lymphocytes within the arterial wall in response to the release of proinflammatory molecules. Such accumulation results in the formation of the atherosclerotic plaque, which would eventually evolve to complications such as total artery occlusion, rupture, calcification, or aneurysm. Although the molecular mechanism responsible for the development of atherosclerosis is not completely understood, it is clear that the immune system plays a key role in the development of the atherosclerotic plaque and in its complications. There are multiple antigenic stimuli that have been associated with the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Most of these stimuli come from modified self-molecules such as oxidised low-density lipoproteins (oxLDLs), beta2glycoprotein1 (beta2GP1), lipoprotein a (LP(a)), heat shock proteins (HSPs), and protein components of the extracellular matrix such as collagen and fibrinogen in the form of advanced glycation-end (AGE) products. In addition, several foreign antigens including bacteria such as Porphyromonas gingivalis and Chlamydia pneumoniae and viruses such as enterovirus and cytomegalovirus have been associated with atherosclerosis as potentially causative or bystander participants, adding another level of complexity to the analysis of the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. The present review summarises the most important scientific findings published within the last two decades on the importance of antigens, antigen stimulation, and adaptive immune responses in the development of atherosclerotic plaques.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.