ArticleJournal of virology2008
Previously infected chimpanzees are not consistently protected against reinfection or persistent infection after reexposure to the identical hepatitis C virus strain.
Article in Journal of virology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 82 citations in OpenAlex.
- Meta-analysis of hepatitis C virus vaccine efficacy in chimpanzees indicates an importance for structural proteins.Gastroenterology · 2010Pooled it
- In vivo and in vitro recombinant systems of a novel variant demonstrate cross-reactive neutralization for the HCV model virus, Norway rat hepacivirus.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- Marmosets as models of infectious diseases.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Review
- Pathogenesis, MicroRNA-122 Gene-Regulation, and Protective Immune Responses After Acute Equine Hepacivirus Infection.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2021Article
- Where to Next? Research Directions after the First Hepatitis C Vaccine Efficacy Trial.Viruses · 2021Review
- T-Cell Immunity against the Hepatitis C Virus: A Persistent Research Priority in an Era of Highly Effective Therapy.Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in medicine · 2021Review
- HCV p7 as a novel vaccine-target inducing multifunctional CD4Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Hepatitis C Vaccines, Antibodies, and T Cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Hypervariable Region 1 in Envelope Protein 2 of Hepatitis C Virus: A Linchpin in Neutralizing Antibody Evasion and Viral Entry.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- The Chimpanzee Model of Viral Hepatitis: Advances in Understanding the Immune Response and Treatment of Viral Hepatitis.ILAR journal · 2017Review
- Mouse models of acute and chronic hepacivirus infection.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses in Chronic HCV Infection.Current drug targets · 2017Review
- Preclinical Development and Production of Virus-Like Particles As Vaccine Candidates for Hepatitis C.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Review
- Hypervariable region 1 shielding of hepatitis C virus is a main contributor to genotypic differences in neutralization sensitivity.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2016Article
- Innate and Adaptive Immune Regulation During Chronic Viral Infections.Annual review of virology · 2015Review
- T cell responses in hepatitis C virus infection: historical overview and goals for future research.Antiviral research · 2015Review
- Immune mechanisms of vaccine induced protection against chronic hepatitis C virus infection in chimpanzees.World journal of hepatology · 2015Review
- Efficient infectious cell culture systems of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) prototype strains HCV-1 and H77.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Immune control and failure in HCV infection--tipping the balance.Journal of leukocyte biology · 2014Review
- Broadly neutralizing antibodies abrogate established hepatitis C virus infection.Science translational medicine · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Protective immunity after resolved hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been reported. However, the breadth of this immunity has remained controversial, and the role of neutralizing antibodies has not been well-defined. In the present study, two chimpanzees (CH96A008 and CH1494) with resolved monoclonal H77C (genotype 1a) infection were rechallenged with low-dose homologous H77C virus about 12 months after viral clearance; CH96A008 became persistently infected, and CH1494 had transient viremia lasting 2 weeks. CH1494 was subsequently either partially or completely protected following five homologous rechallenges with monoclonal H77C or polyclonal H77 and after six heterologous rechallenges with HC-J4 (genotype 1b) or HC-J6 (genotype 2a) viruses. Subsequently, a final challenge with H77C resulted in persistent HCV infection. In both chimpanzees, serum neutralizing antibodies against retroviral pseudoparticles bearing the H77C envelope proteins were not detected during the initial infection or during rechallenge. However, anamnestic cellular immune responses developed during the initial homologous rechallenge, in particular in CH96A008, which developed a persistent infection. Polyprotein sequences of viruses recovered from CH1494 after the two homologous rechallenges that resulted in transient viremia were identical with the H77C virus. In contrast, the polyprotein sequences of viruses recovered from both chimpanzees after homologous rechallenge resulting in persistent infection had numerous changes. These findings have important implications for our understanding of immunity against HCV; even in the best-case scenario with autologous rechallenge, low-level viral persistence was seen in the presence of primed T-cell responses.
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Registered trials
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