ReviewClinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN2008
Angiotensin converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and renoprotection in diabetic and nondiabetic nephropathies.
Review in Clinical journal of the American Society of Nephrology : CJASN, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 106 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Nephroprotective Effect ofInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Genetic predisposition to nephropathy and associated cardiovascular disease in people with type 1 diabetes: role of the angiotensinI-converting enzyme (ACE), and beyond; a narrative review.Cardiovascular diabetology · 2024Review
- The Role of Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Polymorphisms in the Risk of Development and Treatment of Diabetic Nephropathy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Translational research in nephrology: prognosis.Clinical kidney journal · 2022Article
- Role of angiotensin II in aging.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Pharmacogenomics Informs Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- The Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Deletion/Deletion Genotype Is a Risk Factor for Severe COVID-19: Implication and Utility for Patients Admitted to Emergency Department.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2021Observational
- Sex- and Gender-Based Pharmacological Response to Drugs.Pharmacological reviews · 2021Article
- Kidney disease trials for the 21st century: innovations in design and conduct.Nature reviews. Nephrology · 2020Review
- Achieving remission of proteinuria in childhood CKD.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2017Observational
- The association of ACE gene polymorphism with diabetic kidney disease and renoprotective efficacy of valsartan.Journal of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system : JRAAS · 2016Article
- Integrative Biology of Diabetic Kidney Disease.Kidney diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2015Article
- AT1R A1166C variants in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic nephropathy.Journal of nephropathology · 2015Article
- Hyperglycemia enhances kidney cell injury in HIVAN through down-regulation of vitamin D receptors.Cellular signalling · 2015Article
- Combination of Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Insertion/Deletion (I/D) (rs4646994) and VEGF Polymorphism (+405G/C; rs2010963) Synergistically Associated With the Development, of Albuminuria in Iranian Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.Iranian Red Crescent medical journal · 2015Article
- Identifying Common Genetic Risk Factors of Diabetic Neuropathies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2015Review
- Pharmacogenomics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: interaction with biological differences between men and women.British journal of pharmacology · 2014Review
- Developments in renal pharmacogenomics and applications in chronic kidney disease.Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine · 2014Review
- Association of genetic polymorphism of PPARγ-2, ACE, MTHFR, FABP-2 and FTO genes in risk prediction of type 2 diabetes mellitus.Journal of biomedical science · 2013Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Despite the huge amount of studies looking for candidate genes, the ACE gene remains the unique, well-characterized locus clearly associated with pathogenesis and progression of chronic kidney disease, and with response to treatment with drugs that directly interfere with the renin angiotensin system (RAS), such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists (ARA). The II genotype is protective against development and progression of type I and type II nephropathy and is associated with a slower progression of nondiabetic proteinuric kidney disease. ACE inhibitors are particularly effective at the stage of normoalbuminuria or microalbuminuria in both type I and type II diabetics with the II genotype, whereas the DD genotype is associated with a better response to ARA therapy in overt nephropathy of type II diabetes and to ACE inhibitors in male patients with nondiabetic proteinuric nephropathies. The role of other RAS or non-RAS polymorphisms and their possible interactions with different ACE I/D genotypes are less clearly defined. Thus, evaluating the ACE I/D polymorphism is a reliable tool to identify patients at risk and those who may benefit the most of renoprotective therapy with ACE inhibitors or ARA. This may guide pharmacologic therapy in individual patients and help design clinical trials in progressive nephropathies. Moreover, it might help optimize prevention and intervention strategies at population levels, in particular, in countries where resources are extremely limited and 1 million patients continue to die every year of cardiovascular or renal disease.
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