ReviewInternational archives of occupational and environmental health2009
Popcorn lung and bronchiolitis obliterans: a critical appraisal.
Review in International archives of occupational and environmental health, 2009. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Components and Harm Perceptions of E-Cigarettes: Health Risks and Intervention Strategies among Multicultural Youth in Pakistan.Iranian journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Ambulatory Anesthesia for a Case of Idiopathic Bronchiolitis Obliterans.Anesthesia progress · 2021Article
- Pathology, toxicology, and latency of irritant gases known to cause bronchiolitis obliterans disease: Does diacetyl fit the pattern?Toxicology reports · 2015Review
- Letter to the editor: RE: Galbraith D and Weill D (2009), popcorn lung and bronchiolitis obliterans: a critical appraisal 82:407-416.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2010Article
- Authors' response to Kreiss et al. (2009).International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2010Article
- Response to Galbraith and Weill.International archives of occupational and environmental health · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo perform a critical review of a series of journal articles and Health Hazard Evaluation Reports (HHER) by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), where they have described the incidence of fixed obstructive pulmonary disease in a population of workers exposed to butter flavorings.
methodsThe clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities frequently employed and a review of the pertinent clinical literature are discussed for constrictive bronchiolitis and bronchiolitis obliterans with intraluminal polyps; two distinct forms of bronchiolitis obliterans (BO). An analysis of the NIOSH reports and scientific articles is provided, followed by suggestions for evaluating this public and occupational health concern moving forward.
findingsCases of lung disease in the food flavorings industry discussed in the literature have not been sufficiently documented to allow the conclusion that BO has been caused by diacetyl or butter flavoring. Further research is required to establish the causative agent(s).
conclusionThe diagnosis of bronchiolitis obliterans should be reserved for those individuals who have diagnostic lung biopsy findings, obtained and interpreted by clinicians who are experienced with this complex disorder.
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Registered trials
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